• 5類應避免使用的代碼注釋

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    程序員 C/C++ Go 6912 次瀏覽
    英文原文:5 Types of Comments to Avoid Making in Your Code

      你是否曾在檢查代碼時碰到一條在你看來多余的注釋?在代碼中使用注釋的目的是提升代碼的可讀性,以讓那些非原始代碼開發者能更好地理解它們。

      我甄別出5類讓我不勝其擾的注釋及5類生成它們的程序員。我希望讀過本篇之后,你不會與他們一樣墜入同一條河流。作為一項挑戰,你不妨把寫這5類注釋的程序員與5類程序員作一下匹配。

      1. 驕傲型程序員(The Proud Programmer)

    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string message = "Hello World!";  // 07/24/2010 Bob         Console.WriteLine(message); // 07/24/2010 Bob         message = "I am so proud of this code!"; // 07/24/2010 Bob         Console.WriteLine(message); // 07/24/2010 Bob     }
    }

      這類程序員對其代碼自視甚高,以至于他覺得有必要在每行代碼后都要簽上自己的大名。應用版本控制系統(VCS)是能知道誰修改了代碼,但是乍看之下責任人也不會如此打眼。

      2. 過時型程序員(The Obsolete Programmer)

    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            /* This block of code is no longer needed
             * because we found out that Y2K was a hoax
             * and our systems did not roll over to 1/1/1900 */         //DateTime today = DateTime.Today;
            //if (today == new DateTime(1900, 1, 1))
            //{
            //    today = today.AddYears(100);
            //    string message = "The date has been fixed for Y2K.";
            //    Console.WriteLine(message);
            //}     }
    }

      如果一段代碼不再使用了(也就是過時了),請刪除它勿要讓你的工作代碼被數行冗余的注釋弄得七零八亂。而且,你任何時候需要復制這段刪除的代碼,都可以使用版本控制系統,這樣你便能從以前版本中恢復出它來。

      3. 顯然型程序員(The Obvious Programmer)

    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            /* This is a for loop that prints the
             * words "I Rule!" to the console screen
             * 1 million times, each on its own line. It
             * accomplishes this by starting at 0 and
             * incrementing by 1. If the value of the
             * counter equals 1 million the for loop
             * stops executing.*/         for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("I Rule!");
            }
        }
    }

      我們都知道編程的基本工作邏輯,這可不是什么編程入門!你無需浪費時間解釋顯而易見的程序工作原理,雖然我們很高興看到你愿意解釋代碼的功能,但這不過是畫蛇添足。

      4. 傳記型程序員(The Life Story Programmer)

    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
           /* I discussed with Jim from Sales over coffee
            * at the Starbucks on main street one day and he
            * told me that Sales Reps receive commission
            * based upon the following structure.
            * Friday: 25%
            * Wednesday: 15%
            * All Other Days: 5%
            * Did I mention that I ordered the Caramel Latte with
            * a double shot of Espresso?
           */         double price = 5.00;
            double commissionRate;
            double commission;
            if (DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Friday)
            {
                commissionRate = .25;
            }
            else if (DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Wednesday)
            {
                commissionRate = .15;
            }
            else         {
                commissionRate = .05;
            }
            commission = price * commissionRate;
        }
    }

      如果你非得在代碼中提到某些必需的東西,也別提到人名。Jim from Sales(譯注:銷售人員Jim)也許離開這家公司了,那些閱讀代碼的程序員極可能根本就不知道他是誰,更甭提注釋里那些毫無干系的事情。

      5. 總有一天型程序員(The Someday Programmer)

    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
           //TODO: I need to fix this someday – 07/24/1995 Bob        /* I know this error message is hard coded and
            * I am relying on a Contains function, but
            * someday I will make this code print a
            * meaningful error message and exit gracefully.
            * I just don’t have the time right now.
           */        string message = "An error has occurred";
           if(message.Contains("error"))
           {
               throw new Exception(message);
           }
        }
    }

      這類注釋在某種程度上說是前面幾種類型的大雜燴。TODO注釋在項目初始開發階段用處不小,但是如果幾年后出現在產品代碼中那就會帶來麻煩。如果有什么需要修補的,趁現在動手,而不要推遲到以后去做。

      如果你不幸是生成這些類型注釋的人,或者你想學習注釋用法的最佳實踐,我推薦你閱讀Steve McConnell寫的Code Complete(《代碼大全》)。這是一本我建議程序員必讀的書籍。

      或者你也可以徹底點,學習怎樣不使用代碼注釋。

      你是否在自己的代碼中看到了其它類型多余或擾人的注釋?請不吝分享。

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