圖像處理Java工具類

fwe3 9年前發布 | 5K 次閱讀 Java

縮放圖像、切割圖像、圖像類型轉換、彩色轉黑白、文字水印、圖片水印等

import java.awt.AlphaComposite;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.color.ColorSpace;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.ColorConvertOp;
import java.awt.image.CropImageFilter;
import java.awt.image.FilteredImageSource;
import java.awt.image.ImageFilter;
import java.awt.image.ImagingOpException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

/**

  • author:lldy
  • time:2012-5-6下午6:37:18
  • 圖片處理工具類:<br>
  • 功能:縮放圖像、切割圖像、圖像類型轉換、彩色轉黑白、文字水印、圖片水印等 */ public class ImageUtils { /**

    • 相對于圖片的位置 */ private static final int POSITION_UPPERLEFT=0; private static final int POSITION_UPPERRIGHT=10; private static final int POSITION_LOWERLEFT=1; private static final int POSITION_LOWERRIGHT=11; /**
    • 幾種常見的圖片格式 */ public static String IMAGE_TYPE_GIF = "gif";// 圖形交換格式 public static String IMAGE_TYPE_JPG = "jpg";// 聯合照片專家組 public static String IMAGE_TYPE_JPEG = "jpeg";// 聯合照片專家組 public static String IMAGE_TYPE_BMP = "bmp";// 英文Bitmap(位圖)的簡寫,它是Windows操作系統中的標準圖像文件格式 public static String IMAGE_TYPE_PNG = "png";// 可移植網絡圖形

      private static ImageUtils instance; private ImageUtils() { instance = this; } /**

    • 獲取實例
    • @return */ public static ImageUtils getInstance() { if (instance == null) {

       instance = new ImageUtils();
      

      } return instance; } public BufferedImage image2BufferedImage(Image image){ System.out.println(image.getWidth(null)); System.out.println(image.getHeight(null)); BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(image.getWidth(null), image.getHeight(null), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB); Graphics2D g = bufferedImage.createGraphics(); g.drawImage(image, null, null); g.dispose();

      System.out.println(bufferedImage.getWidth()); System.out.println(bufferedImage.getHeight()); return bufferedImage; }

      /**

    • 縮放并轉換格式后保存
    • @param srcPath源路徑
    • @param destPath目標路徑
    • @param width:目標寬
    • @param height:目標高
    • @param format:文件格式
    • @return */ public static boolean scaleToFile(String srcPath, String destPath, int width, int height,String format) { boolean flag = false; try {

       File file = new File(srcPath);
       File destFile = new File(destPath);
       if (!destFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
           destFile.getParentFile().mkdir();
       }
       BufferedImage src = ImageIO.read(file); // 讀入文件
       Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_DEFAULT);
       BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
       Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
       g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 繪制縮小后的圖
       g.dispose();
       flag = ImageIO.write(tag, format, new FileOutputStream(destFile));// 輸出到文件流
      

      } catch (IOException e) {

       e.printStackTrace();
      

      } return flag; }

      /**

    • 縮放Image,此方法返回源圖像按百分比縮放后的圖像
    • @param inputImage
    • @param percentage 百分比 允許的輸入0<percentage<10000
    • @return */ public static BufferedImage scaleByPercentage(BufferedImage inputImage,int percentage){ //允許百分比 if(0>percentage||percentage>10000){

       throw new ImagingOpException("Error::不合法的參數:percentage->"+percentage+",percentage應該大于0~小于10000");
      

      }
      //獲取原始圖像透明度類型 int type = inputImage.getColorModel().getTransparency(); //獲取目標圖像大小 int w=inputImage.getWidth()percentage; int h=inputImage.getHeight()percentage; //開啟抗鋸齒 RenderingHints renderingHints=new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,

           RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
      

      //使用高質量壓縮 renderingHints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);

      BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(w, h, type); Graphics2D graphics2d =img.createGraphics(); graphics2d.setRenderingHints(renderingHints);
      graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, w, h, 0, 0, inputImage

           .getWidth(), inputImage.getHeight(), null);
      

      graphics2d.dispose(); return img;

      /此代碼將返回Image類型 return inputImage.getScaledInstance(inputImage.getWidth()percentage,

           inputImage.getHeight()*percentage, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
      

      */ }

      /**

    • 縮放Image,此方法返回源圖像按給定最大寬度限制下按比例縮放后的圖像
    • @param inputImage
    • @param maxWidth:壓縮后允許的最大寬度
    • @param maxHeight:壓縮后允許的最大高度
    • @throws java.io.IOException
    • return */ public static BufferedImage scaleByPixelRate(BufferedImage inputImage, int maxWidth, int maxHeight) throws Exception { //獲取原始圖像透明度類型 int type = inputImage.getColorModel().getTransparency();

      int width = inputImage.getWidth(); int height = inputImage.getHeight();

      int newWidth = maxWidth; int newHeight =maxHeight; //如果指定最大寬度超過比例 if(widthmaxHeight<heightmaxWidth){

       newWidth=(int)(newHeight*width/height) ;
      

      } //如果指定最大高度超過比例 if(widthmaxHeight>heightmaxWidth){

       newHeight=(int)(newWidth*height/width);
      

      } //開啟抗鋸齒 RenderingHints renderingHints=new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,

           RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
      

      //使用高質量壓縮 renderingHints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);

      BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, type); Graphics2D graphics2d =img.createGraphics(); graphics2d.setRenderingHints(renderingHints);
      graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, newWidth, newHeight, 0, 0, width, height, null); graphics2d.dispose(); return img; } /**

    • 縮放Image,此方法返回源圖像按給定寬度、高度限制下縮放后的圖像
    • @param inputImage
    • @param maxWidth:壓縮后寬度
    • @param maxHeight:壓縮后高度
    • @throws java.io.IOException
    • return */ public static BufferedImage scaleByPixel(BufferedImage inputImage, int newWidth, int newHeight) throws Exception { //獲取原始圖像透明度類型 int type = inputImage.getColorModel().getTransparency();

      int width = inputImage.getWidth(); int height = inputImage.getHeight();

      //開啟抗鋸齒 RenderingHints renderingHints=new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,

           RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
      
      

      //使用高質量壓縮 renderingHints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);

      BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, type); Graphics2D graphics2d =img.createGraphics(); graphics2d.setRenderingHints(renderingHints);
      graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, newWidth, newHeight, 0, 0, width, height, null); graphics2d.dispose(); return img; }

      /**

    • 切割圖像,返回指定范圍的圖像
    • @param inputImage
    • @param x 起點橫坐標
    • @param y 起點縱坐標
    • @param width 切割圖片寬度:如果寬度超出圖片,將改為圖片自x剩余寬度
    • @param height 切割圖片高度:如果高度超出圖片,將改為圖片自y剩余高度
    • @param fill 指定目標圖像大小超出時是否補白,如果true,則表示補白;false表示不補白,此時將重置目標圖像大小
    • @return */ public static BufferedImage cut(BufferedImage inputImage,int x,int y,int width,int height,boolean fill){ //獲取原始圖像透明度類型 int type = inputImage.getColorModel().getTransparency(); int w = inputImage.getWidth(); int h = inputImage.getHeight(); int endx=x+width; int endy=y+height; if(x>w)
       throw new ImagingOpException("起點橫坐標超出源圖像范圍");
      
      if(y>h)
       throw new ImagingOpException("起點縱坐標超出源圖像范圍");
      
      BufferedImage img; //補白 if(fill){
       img = new BufferedImage(width, height, type);
       //寬度超出限制
       if((w-x)<width){
           width=w-x;
           endx=w;
       }
       //高度超出限制
       if((h-y)<height){
           height=h-y;
           endy=h;
       }
      
      //不補 }else{
       //寬度超出限制
       if((w-x)<width){
           width=w-x;
           endx=w;
       }
       //高度超出限制
       if((h-y)<height){
           height=h-y;
           endy=h;
       }
       img = new BufferedImage(width, height, type); 
      
      } //開啟抗鋸齒 RenderingHints renderingHints=new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,
           RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
      
      //使用高質量壓縮 renderingHints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
    Graphics2D graphics2d =img.createGraphics();
    graphics2d.setRenderingHints(renderingHints);        
    graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, width, height, x, y, endx, endy, null);
    graphics2d.dispose();
    return img;
}

/**
 * 切割圖像,返回指定起點位置指定大小圖像
 * @param inputImage
 * @param startPoint 起點位置:左上:0、右上:10、左下:1、右下:11
 * @param width 切割圖片寬度
 * @param height 切割圖片高度
 * @param fill 指定目標圖像大小超出時是否補白,如果true,則表示補白;false表示不補白,此時將重置目標圖像大小
 * @return
 */
public static BufferedImage cut(BufferedImage inputImage,int startPoint,int width,int height,boolean fill){
    //獲取原始圖像透明度類型
    int type = inputImage.getColorModel().getTransparency();
    int w = inputImage.getWidth();
    int h = inputImage.getHeight();
    BufferedImage img;
    //補白
    if(fill){
        img = new BufferedImage(width, height, type);
        if(width>w)
            width=w;
        if(height>h)
            height=h;
    //不補
    }else{
        if(width>w)
            width=w;
        if(height>h)
            height=h;
        img = new BufferedImage(width, height, type);
    }

    //開啟抗鋸齒
    RenderingHints renderingHints=new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,
            RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
    //使用高質量壓縮
    renderingHints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);       
    Graphics2D graphics2d =img.createGraphics();
    graphics2d.setRenderingHints(renderingHints); 
    switch(startPoint){
            //右上
        case POSITION_UPPERRIGHT:
            graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, w-width, 0, w, height, 0, 0, width, height, null);
            break;
            //左下
        case POSITION_LOWERLEFT:
            graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, 0, h-height, width, h, 0, 0, width, height, null);   
            break;
            //右下
        case POSITION_LOWERRIGHT:
            graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, w-width, h-height, w, h, 0, 0, width, height, null); 
            break;
            //默認左上
        case POSITION_UPPERLEFT:
        default: 
            graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, width, height, 0, 0, width, height, null);
    }
    graphics2d.dispose();
    return img;
}

/**
 * 以指定角度旋轉圖片:使用正角度 theta 進行旋轉,可將正 x 軸上的點轉向正 y 軸。 
 * @param inputImage
 * @param degree 角度:以度數為單位
 * @return
 */
public static BufferedImage rotateImage(final BufferedImage inputImage,
        final int degree) {
    int w = inputImage.getWidth();
    int h = inputImage.getHeight();
    int type = inputImage.getColorModel().getTransparency();
    BufferedImage img=new BufferedImage(w, h, type);
    Graphics2D graphics2d =img.createGraphics();
    //開啟抗鋸齒
    RenderingHints renderingHints=new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,
            RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
    //使用高質量壓縮
    renderingHints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
    graphics2d.setRenderingHints(renderingHints);
    graphics2d.rotate(Math.toRadians(degree), w / 2, h / 2);
    graphics2d.drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, null);
    graphics2d.dispose();
    return img;
}

/**
 * 水平翻轉圖像
 * 
 * @param bufferedimage 目標圖像
 * @return
 */
public static BufferedImage flipHorizontalImage(final BufferedImage inputImage) {
    int w = inputImage.getWidth();
    int h = inputImage.getHeight();
    BufferedImage img;
    Graphics2D graphics2d;
    (graphics2d = (img = new BufferedImage(w, h, inputImage
            .getColorModel().getTransparency())).createGraphics())
            .drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, w, h, w, 0, 0, h, null);
    graphics2d.dispose();
    return img;
}
/**
 * 豎直翻轉圖像
 * 
 * @param bufferedimage 目標圖像
 * @return
 */
public static BufferedImage flipVerticalImage(final BufferedImage inputImage) {
    int w = inputImage.getWidth();
    int h = inputImage.getHeight();
    BufferedImage img;
    Graphics2D graphics2d;
    (graphics2d = (img = new BufferedImage(w, h, inputImage
            .getColorModel().getTransparency())).createGraphics())
            .drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, w, h, 0, h, w, 0, null);
    graphics2d.dispose();
    return img;
}  

/**
 * 圖片水印
 * 
 * @param inputImage
 *            待處理圖像
 * @param markImage
 *            水印圖像
 * @param x
 *            水印位于圖片左上角的 x 坐標值
 * @param y
 *            水印位于圖片左上角的 y 坐標值
 * @param alpha
 *            水印透明度 0.1f ~ 1.0f
 * */
public static BufferedImage waterMark(BufferedImage inputImage,BufferedImage markImage, int x, int y,
                float alpha) {

        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(inputImage.getWidth(), inputImage
                        .getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();
        g.drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, null);

        // 加載水印圖像
        g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_ATOP,
                        alpha));
        g.drawImage(markImage, x, y, null);
        g.dispose();
        return image;
}

/**
 * 文字水印
 * 
 * @param inputImage
 *            待處理圖像
 * @param text
 *            水印文字
 * @param font
 *            水印字體信息
 * @param color
 *            水印字體顏色
 * @param x
 *            水印位于圖片左上角的 x 坐標值
 * @param y
 *            水印位于圖片左上角的 y 坐標值
 * @param alpha
 *            水印透明度 0.1f ~ 1.0f
 */

public static BufferedImage textMark(BufferedImage inputImage, String text, Font font,
                Color color, int x, int y, float alpha) {
        Font dfont = (font == null) ? new Font("宋體", 20, 13) : font;
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(inputImage.getWidth(), inputImage
                        .getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();
        g.drawImage(inputImage, 0, 0, null);
        g.setColor(color);
        g.setFont(dfont);
        g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_ATOP,
                        alpha));
        g.drawString(text, x, y);
        g.dispose();
        return image;
}  

/**
 * 圖像彩色轉黑白色
 * @param inputImage
 * @return 轉換后的BufferedImage
 */
public final static BufferedImage toGray(BufferedImage inputImage)
{
        ColorSpace cs = ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_GRAY);
        //對源 BufferedImage 進行顏色轉換。如果目標圖像為 null,
        //則根據適當的 ColorModel 創建 BufferedImage。 
        ColorConvertOp op = new ColorConvertOp(cs, null);
        return op.filter(inputImage, null);
}
/**
 * 圖像彩色轉為黑白
 * @param srcImageFile
 *            源圖像地址
 * @param destImageFile
 *            目標圖像地址
 * @param formatType
 *              目標圖像格式:如果formatType為null;將默認轉換為PNG
 */
public final static void toGray(String srcImageFile, String destImageFile,String formatType)
{
    try
    {
        BufferedImage src = ImageIO.read(new File(srcImageFile));
        ColorSpace cs = ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_GRAY);
        ColorConvertOp op = new ColorConvertOp(cs, null);
        src = op.filter(src, null);
        //如果formatType為null;將默認轉換為PNG
        if(formatType==null){
            formatType="PNG";
        }
        ImageIO.write(src,formatType,new File(destImageFile));
    } catch (IOException e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
/**
 * 圖像類型轉換:GIF->JPG、GIF->PNG、PNG->JPG、PNG->GIF(X)、BMP->PNG
 * 
 * @param inputImage
 *            源圖像地址
 * @param formatType
 *            包含格式非正式名稱的 String:如JPG、JPEG、GIF等
 * @param destImageFile
 *            目標圖像地址
 */
public final static void convert(BufferedImage inputImage, String formatType,String destImageFile)
{
    try
    {
        ImageIO.write(inputImage, formatType, new File(destImageFile));
    } catch (Exception e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

/**
 * 圖像切割(指定切片的行數和列數)
 * 
 * @param srcImageFile
 *            源圖像地址
 * @param destDir
 *            切片目標文件夾
 * @param formatType
 *              目標格式
 * @param rows
 *            目標切片行數。默認2,必須是范圍 [1, 20] 之內
 * @param cols
 *            目標切片列數。默認2,必須是范圍 [1, 20] 之內
 */
public final static void cut(BufferedImage inputImage, String destDir,
        String formatType,int rows, int cols)
{
    try
    {
        if (rows <= 0 || rows > 20)
            rows = 2; // 切片行數
        if (cols <= 0 || cols > 20)
            cols = 2; // 切片列數
        // 讀取源圖像
        //BufferedImage bi = ImageIO.read(new File(srcImageFile));
        int w = inputImage.getHeight(); // 源圖寬度
        int h = inputImage.getWidth(); // 源圖高度
        if (w > 0 && h > 0)
        {
            Image img;
            ImageFilter cropFilter;
            Image image = inputImage.getScaledInstance(w, h,
                    Image.SCALE_DEFAULT);
            int destWidth = w; // 每張切片的寬度
            int destHeight = h; // 每張切片的高度
            // 計算切片的寬度和高度
            if (w % cols == 0)
            {
                destWidth = w / cols;
            } else
            {
                destWidth = (int) Math.floor(w / cols) + 1;
            }
            if (h % rows == 0)
            {
                destHeight = h / rows;
            } else
            {
                destHeight = (int) Math.floor(h / rows) + 1;
            }
            // 循環建立切片
            // 改進的想法:是否可用多線程加快切割速度
            for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
                {
                    // 四個參數分別為圖像起點坐標和寬高
                    // 即: CropImageFilter(int x,int y,int width,int height)
                    cropFilter = new CropImageFilter(j * destWidth, i
                            * destHeight, destWidth, destHeight);
                    img = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(
                            new FilteredImageSource(image.getSource(),
                                    cropFilter));
                    BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(destWidth,
                            destHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
                    Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
                    g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null); // 繪制縮小后的圖
                    g.dispose();
                    // 輸出為文件
                    ImageIO.write(tag, formatType, new File(destDir + "_r" + i
                            + "_c" + j + "."+formatType.toLowerCase()));
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

/**
 * 給圖片添加文字水印
 * 
 * @param pressText
 *            水印文字
 * @param srcImageFile
 *            源圖像地址
 * @param destImageFile
 *            目標圖像地址
 * @param fontName
 *            水印的字體名稱
 * @param fontStyle
 *            水印的字體樣式
 * @param color
 *            水印的字體顏色
 * @param fontSize
 *            水印的字體大小
 * @param x
 *            修正值
 * @param y
 *            修正值
 * @param alpha
 *            透明度:alpha 必須是范圍 [0.0, 1.0] 之內(包含邊界值)的一個浮點數字
 * @param formatType
 *              目標格式
 */
public final static void pressText(String pressText, String srcImageFile,
        String destImageFile, String fontName, int fontStyle, Color color,
        int fontSize, int x, int y, float alpha,String formatType)
{
    try
    {
        File img = new File(srcImageFile);
        Image src = ImageIO.read(img);
        int width = src.getWidth(null);
        int height = src.getHeight(null);
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();
        g.drawImage(src, 0, 0, width, height, null);
        g.setColor(color);
        g.setFont(new Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize));
        g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_ATOP,
                alpha));
        // 在指定坐標繪制水印文字
        g.drawString(pressText, (width - (getLength(pressText) * fontSize))
                / 2 + x, (height - fontSize) / 2 + y);
        g.dispose();
        ImageIO.write((BufferedImage) image, formatType,
                new File(destImageFile));// 輸出到文件流
    } catch (Exception e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

/**
 * 給圖片添加圖片水印
 * 
 * @param pressImg
 *            水印圖片
 * @param srcImageFile
 *            源圖像地址
 * @param destImageFile
 *            目標圖像地址
 * @param x
 *            修正值。 默認在中間
 * @param y
 *            修正值。 默認在中間
 * @param alpha
 *            透明度:alpha 必須是范圍 [0.0, 1.0] 之內(包含邊界值)的一個浮點數字
 * @param formatType
 *              目標格式
 */ 
public final static void pressImage(String pressImg, String srcImageFile,
        String destImageFile, int x, int y, float alpha,String formatType)
{
    try
    {
        File img = new File(srcImageFile);
        Image src = ImageIO.read(img);
        int wideth = src.getWidth(null);
        int height = src.getHeight(null);
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(wideth, height,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();
        g.drawImage(src, 0, 0, wideth, height, null);
        // 水印文件
        Image src_biao = ImageIO.read(new File(pressImg));
        int wideth_biao = src_biao.getWidth(null);
        int height_biao = src_biao.getHeight(null);
        g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_ATOP,
                alpha));
        g.drawImage(src_biao, (wideth - wideth_biao) / 2,
                (height - height_biao) / 2, wideth_biao, height_biao, null);
        // 水印文件結束
        g.dispose();
        ImageIO.write((BufferedImage) image, formatType,
                new File(destImageFile));
    } catch (Exception e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

/**
 * 計算text的長度(一個中文算兩個字符)
 * 
 * @param text
 * @return
 */
public final static int getLength(String text)
{
    int length = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++)
    {
        if (new String(text.charAt(i) + "").getBytes().length > 1)
        {
            length += 2;
        } else
        {
            length += 1;
        }
    }
    return length / 2;
}


}</pre>

 本文由用戶 fwe3 自行上傳分享,僅供網友學習交流。所有權歸原作者,若您的權利被侵害,請聯系管理員。
 轉載本站原創文章,請注明出處,并保留原始鏈接、圖片水印。
 本站是一個以用戶分享為主的開源技術平臺,歡迎各類分享!