使用 Python 編寫 vim 插件
Vim 插件是一個 .vim 的腳本文件,定義了函數、映射、語法規則和命令,可用于操作窗口、緩沖以及行。一般一個插件包含了命令定義和事件鉤子。當使用 Python 編寫 vim 插件時,函數外面是使用 VimL 編寫,盡管 VimL 學起來很快,但 Python 更加靈活,例如可以用 urllib/httplib/simplejson 來訪問某些 Web 服務,這也是為什么很多需要訪問 Web 服務的插件都是使用 VimL + Python 編寫的原因。
在開始編寫插件之前,你需要確認 Vim 支持 Python,通過以下命令來判別:
vim --version | grep +python
接下來我們通過一個簡單的例子來學習用 Python 編寫 Vim 插件,該插件用來獲取 Reddit 首頁信息并顯示在當前緩沖區上。
首先在 Vim 新建 vimmit.vim 文件,我們首先需要判斷是否支持 Python,如果不支持給出提示信息:
if !has('python') echo "Error: Required vim compiled with +python" finish endif
上面這段代碼就是用 VimL 編寫的,它將檢查 Vim 是否支持 Python。
下面是用 Python 編寫的 Reddit() 主函數:
" Vim comments start with a double quote. " Function definition is VimL. We can mix VimL and Python in " function definition. function! Reddit() " We start the python code like the next line. python << EOF # the vim module contains everything we need to interface with vim from # python. We need urllib2 for the web service consumer. import vim, urllib2 # we need json for parsing the response import json # we define a timeout that we'll use in the API call. We don't want # users to wait much. TIMEOUT = 20 URL = "http://reddit.com/.json" try: # Get the posts and parse the json response response = urllib2.urlopen(URL, None, TIMEOUT).read() json_response = json.loads(response) posts = json_response.get("data", "").get("children", "") # vim.current.buffer is the current buffer. It's list-like object. # each line is an item in the list. We can loop through them delete # them, alter them etc. # Here we delete all lines in the current buffer del vim.current.buffer[:] # Here we append some lines above. Aesthetics. vim.current.buffer[0] = 80*"-" for post in posts: # In the next few lines, we get the post details post_data = post.get("data", {}) up = post_data.get("ups", 0) down = post_data.get("downs", 0) title = post_data.get("title", "NO TITLE").encode("utf-8") score = post_data.get("score", 0) permalink = post_data.get("permalink").encode("utf-8") url = post_data.get("url").encode("utf-8") comments = post_data.get("num_comments") # And here we append line by line to the buffer. # First the upvotes vim.current.buffer.append("↑ %s"%up) # Then the title and the url vim.current.buffer.append(" %s [%s]"%(title, url,)) # Then the downvotes and number of comments vim.current.buffer.append("↓ %s | comments: %s [%s]"%(down, comments, permalink,)) # And last we append some "-" for visual appeal. vim.current.buffer.append(80*"-") except Exception, e: print e EOF " Here the python code is closed. We can continue writing VimL or python again. endfunction
使用如下命令保存文件
:source vimmit.vim
然后調用該插件:
:call Reddit()
這個命令用起來不那么方便,因此我們再定義一個命令:
command! -nargs=0 Reddit call Reddit()
我們定義了命令 :Reddit 來調用這個函數。-nargs 參數聲明命令行中有多少個參數。
關于函數參數的問題:
問:如何訪問函數中的參數?
function! SomeName(arg1, arg2, arg3) " Get the first argument by name in VimL let firstarg=a:arg1 " Get the second argument by position in Viml let secondarg=a:1 " Get the arguments in python python << EOF import vim first_argument = vim.eval("a:arg1") #or vim.eval("a:0") second_argument = vim.eval("a:arg2") #or vim.eval("a:1")
你可以使用 ... 來處理可變個數參數來替換特定的參數名,可通過位置或者命名參數來訪問,如:(arg1, arg2, ...)
問:如何在 Python 中調用 Vim 命令?
vim.command("[vim-command-here]")
問:如何定義全局變量,并在 VimL 和 Python 中訪問?
全局變量使用形如 g:. 的前綴,定義全局變量前應該檢查該變量是否已定義:
if !exists("g:reddit_apicall_timeout") let g:reddit_apicall_timeout=40 endif
然后你通過下面代碼在 Python 中訪問這個變量:
TIMEOUT = vim.eval("g:reddit_apicall_timeout")
可通過下面的方法來對全局變量進行重新賦值:
let g:reddit_apicall_timeout=60
更多關于使用 Python 編寫 Vim 插件的說明請看官方文檔。
本文由 OSCHINA 譯自:http://brainacle.com/how-to-write-vim-plugins-with-python.html