Android非常輕量的SQLite數據庫訪問對象
在Android開發中我們經常會使用到SQLite數據庫以及數據庫的一些基本操作. 在這里介紹一種非常輕量級的數據庫訪問方法, 希望對于那些不想引入第三方ORM庫, 而是完全采用SQL操作數據庫的人能夠提供一些方便.
基本思路和ORM差不多, 采用annotation來對實體類進行標注, 但是簡化了很多. 實體類的書寫方式, 以及數據庫的存儲和讀取方式和ORM基本一樣. 廢話不多說, 直接上代碼...
Example.java
package com.pls.share.db;import java.util.Date;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.util.Log;
import com.pls.share.db.entity.TUser;
/**
- @author jiuwuerliu@sina.com
調用示例 */ public class Example { static final String tag="Example";
private SQLiteDatabase db; public SQLiteDatabase createDatabase(){
SQLiteDatabase db=SQLiteDatabase.create(null); String createdb= "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t_user(" +"id VARCHAR(64) PRIMARY KEY," +"name VARCHAR(512)," +"status INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0," +"createTime DATETIME" +");"; db.execSQL(createdb); return db;
}
public Example(){
db=createDatabase();
}
public void insert(){
SqliteDAO dao=new SqliteDAO(db); TUser user=new TUser(); user.setId("user001"); user.setName("tsc9526"); user.setCreateTime(new Date()); user.setStatus(1); //插入對象到數據庫 dao.insert(user);
}
public void load(){
SqliteDAO dao=new SqliteDAO(db); TUser user=new TUser(); user.setId("user001"); //載入數據庫到對象 dao.loadByPrimaryKey(user); Log.i(tag, "ID: "+user.getId()+", name: "+user.getName()+", status: "+user.getStatus());
}
}</pre>
TUser.java
package com.pls.share.db.entity;import java.util.Date;
import com.pls.share.db.annotation.Id; import com.pls.share.db.annotation.Table; import com.pls.share.db.annotation.Transient;
/**
- @author jiuwuerliu@sina.com
數據庫實體對象 */ @Table(name="t_user") public class TUser{ /**
主鍵字段 */ @Id private String id;
private Integer status;
private String name;
private Date createTime;
/**
非數據庫字段 */ @Transient private String detail;
public TUser(){}
public String getId() { return id; }
public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }
public Integer getStatus() { return status; }
public void setStatus(Integer status) { this.status = status; }
public Date getCreateTime() { return createTime; }
public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) { this.createTime = createTime; }
public String getDetail() { return detail; }
public void setDetail(String detail) { this.detail = detail; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
}</pre></div>
SqliteDAO.java
package com.pls.share.db; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.util.Log; import com.pls.share.db.annotation.Id; import com.pls.share.db.annotation.Table; import com.pls.share.db.annotation.Transient; /** * @author jiuwuerliu@sina.com * */ public class SqliteDAO{ static final String tag="DAO"; /** * 訪問的數據庫 */ private SQLiteDatabase db; /** * 數據插入沖突處理方式: * 0-忽略 * 1-拋出異常 * 2-替換數據 */ private int conflictType=2; public SqliteDAO(SQLiteDatabase db){ this.db=db; } public SQLiteDatabase getSQLiteDatabase(){ return db; } /** * 插入對象到數據庫, 存儲對象的所有字段到數據庫的對應字段,包括NULL字段. * @param entity 待插入的對象 * @return 如果插入數據庫成功則返回該對象,否則返回NULL */ public <T> T insert(T entity){ return insert(entity,false); } /** * 插入對象到數據庫, 僅存儲對象的非空字段到數據庫,對象的NULL字段將被忽略. * @param entity 待插入的對象 * @return 如果插入數據庫成功則返回該對象,否則返回NULL */ public <T> T insertSelective(T entity){ return insert(entity,true); } private <T> T insert(T entity,boolean selective){ ContentValues values=getContentValues(entity,selective); T exist_obj=this.loadByPrimaryKey(entity); if(exist_obj!=null){ return exist_obj; } long r=0; if(conflictType==2){ r=db.replace(getTableName(entity), null,values); }else{ r=db.insert(getTableName(entity), null, values); } if(r>=0){ return entity; } return null; } /** * 根據主鍵刪除數據 * @param entity 待刪除的對象, 主鍵只必須設置. * @return */ public <T> int delete(T entity){ Object[] args=getPrimarySelectionAndArgs(entity); return db.delete(getTableName(entity), (String)args[0], (String[])args[1]); } /** * 根據主鍵從數據庫載入一條記錄到對象 * @param entity 數據實體(必須初始化主鍵字段) * @return 成功則返回的該數據庫實體,失敗則返回NULL */ public <T> T loadByPrimaryKey(T entity){ Object[] args=getPrimarySelectionAndArgs(entity); Cursor cursor=db.query(getTableName(entity), null,(String)args[0],(String[])args[1], null,null,null); try{ if(cursor.moveToNext()){ T db_entity=getEntity(cursor,entity); return db_entity; }else{ return null; } }finally{ cursor.close(); } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public <T> List<T> loadAll(T entity,String orderBy){ List<T> entities=new ArrayList<T>(); Cursor cursor=db.query(getTableName(entity), null,null,null, null,null,orderBy); try{ if(cursor!=null && cursor.moveToFirst()){ T obj=(T)entity.getClass().newInstance(); getEntity(cursor,obj); entities.add(obj); }while(cursor.moveToNext()); return entities; }catch(Exception e){ Log.e(tag,""+e,e); return entities; }finally{ cursor.close(); } } /** * 更新數據庫實體, 更新對象的所有字段到數據庫的對應字段,包括NULL字段. * @param entity 待更新的對象(必須包含主鍵) * @return 成功更新的記錄數 */ public int updateByPrimaryKey(Object entity){ return updateByPrimaryKey(entity,false); } /** * 更新數據庫實體, 僅更新對象的非空字段到數據庫的對應字段,對象的NULL字段將被忽略. * @param entity 待更新的對象(必須包含主鍵) * @return 成功更新的記錄數 */ public int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Object entity){ return updateByPrimaryKey(entity,true); } private int updateByPrimaryKey(Object entity,boolean selective){ ContentValues values=getContentValues(entity,selective); Object[] args=getPrimarySelectionAndArgs(entity); int r=db.update(getTableName(entity), values, (String)args[0],(String[])args[1]); return r; } /** * 從對象中解析出主鍵字段, 以及主鍵字段對應的值 * @param entity * @return */ private Object[] getPrimarySelectionAndArgs(Object entity){ Object[] ret=new Object[2]; String selection=null; List<String> args=new ArrayList<String>(); try{ Class<?> entity_class=entity.getClass(); Field[] fs=entity_class.getDeclaredFields(); for(Field f:fs){ if(isPrimaryKey(f)){ Method get=getGetMethod(entity_class,f); if(get!=null){ Object o=get.invoke(entity); String value=null; if(o!=null){ value=o.toString(); if(selection==null){ selection=f.getName()+"=?"; }else{ selection+=" AND "+f.getName()+"=?"; } args.add(value); }else{ throw new RuntimeException("Primary key: "+f.getName()+" must not be null"); } } } } if(selection==null){ throw new RuntimeException("Primary key not found!"); } ret[0]=selection; ret[1]=args.toArray(new String[args.size()]); return ret; }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(),e); } } /** * 將對象轉換為ContentValues * @param entity * @param selective * @return */ private ContentValues getContentValues(Object entity,boolean selective){ ContentValues values=new ContentValues(); try{ Class<?> entity_class=entity.getClass(); Field[] fs=entity_class.getDeclaredFields(); for(Field f:fs){ if(isTransient(f)==false){ Method get=getGetMethod(entity_class,f); if(get!=null){ Object o=get.invoke(entity); if(!selective || (selective && o!=null)){ String name=f.getName(); Class<?> type=f.getType(); if(type==String.class){ values.put(name,(String)o); }else if(type==int.class || type==Integer.class){ values.put(name,(Integer)o); }else if(type==float.class || type==Float.class){ values.put(name,(Float)o); }else if(type==long.class || type==Long.class){ values.put(name,(Long)o); }else if(type==Date.class){ values.put(name,datetimeToString((Date)o)); }else{ values.put(name,o.toString()); } } } } } return values; }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(),e); } } /** * 將數據庫記錄轉換為對象 * * @param cursor * @param entity * @return */ private <T> T getEntity(Cursor cursor, T entity){ try{ Class<?> entity_class=entity.getClass(); Field[] fs=entity_class.getDeclaredFields(); for(Field f:fs){ int index=cursor.getColumnIndex(f.getName()); if(index>=0){ Method set=getSetMethod(entity_class,f); if(set!=null){ String value=cursor.getString(index); if(cursor.isNull(index)){ value=null; } Class<?> type=f.getType(); if(type==String.class){ set.invoke(entity,value); }else if(type==int.class || type==Integer.class){ set.invoke(entity,value==null?(Integer)null:Integer.parseInt(value)); }else if(type==float.class || type==Float.class){ set.invoke(entity,value==null?(Float)null:Float.parseFloat(value)); }else if(type==long.class || type==Long.class){ set.invoke(entity,value==null?(Long)null:Long.parseLong(value)); }else if(type==Date.class){ set.invoke(entity,value==null?(Date)null:stringToDateTime(value)); }else{ set.invoke(entity,value); } } } } return entity; }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(),e); } } private String datetimeToString(Date d){ SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); if(d!=null){ return sdf.format(d); } return null; } private Date stringToDateTime(String s){ SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); if(s!=null){ try { return sdf.parse(s); } catch (ParseException e) { Log.e(tag,"解析時間錯誤: "+s,e); } } return null; } private Method getGetMethod(Class<?> entity_class,Field f){ String fn=f.getName(); String mn="get"+fn.substring(0,1).toUpperCase()+fn.substring(1); try{ return entity_class.getDeclaredMethod(mn); }catch(NoSuchMethodException e){ Log.w(tag,"Method: "+mn+" not found."); return null; } } private Method getSetMethod(Class<?> entity_class,Field f){ String fn=f.getName(); String mn="set"+fn.substring(0,1).toUpperCase()+fn.substring(1); try{ return entity_class.getDeclaredMethod(mn,f.getType()); }catch(NoSuchMethodException e){ Log.w(tag,"Method: "+mn+" not found."); return null; } } /** * 檢查是否為主鍵字段 */ private boolean isPrimaryKey(Field f){ Annotation an=f.getAnnotation(Id.class); if(an!=null){ return true; } return false; } private boolean isTransient(Field f){ Annotation an=f.getAnnotation(Transient.class); if(an!=null){ return true; } return false; } private String getTableName(Object entity){ Table table=entity.getClass().getAnnotation(Table.class); String name= table.name(); return name; } public int getConflictType() { return conflictType; } public void setConflictType(int conflictType) { this.conflictType = conflictType; } }
Id.java
package com.pls.share.db.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /** * @author jiuwuerliu@sina.com * * 標注為主鍵字段 */ @Target(ElementType.FIELD) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Id { }
Table.java
package com.pls.share.db.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /** * @author jiuwuerliu@sina.com * * 標注數據庫表名 */ @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Table { /** * @return 數據庫表名 */ String name(); }
Transient.java
package com.pls.share.db.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /** * @author jiuwuerliu@sina.com * * 標注為非數據庫字段 */ @Target(ElementType.FIELD) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Transient { }