Nginx1.2.3入門指南
http://wiki.nginx.org/GettingStarted
Nginx1.2.3入門指南
Nginx is a reverse proxy first and HTTP server second.
Nginx首先是反向代理，其次是HTTP服務器。
- 源碼編譯安裝過程
- 進入Nginx的解壓縮目錄
Nginx的安裝需要如下第三方包：
- pcre，The PCRE library is a setof functions that implement regularexpression pattern matchingusing the same syntax and semantics asPerl 5.（www.pcre.org）
- zlib，The zlib library is designed to be afree, general-purpose, legally unencumbered -- that is, not covered by anypatents -- lossless data-compressionlibraryfor use on virtually any computer hardware and operating system.（www.zlib.net）
- openssl
如果缺少上述包，會提示錯誤。
- 下載源代碼編譯的過程如下：
執行./configure，提示如下錯誤：
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRElibrary.
You can either disable the module by using--without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or buildthe PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path>option.
安裝PCRE
sudo apt-get install libpcre3-dev
再次執行./configure，提示如下錯誤：
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zliblibrary.
You can either disable the module by using--without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or buildthe zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using--with-zlib=<path> option.
安裝zlib
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
再次執行./configure，提示如下錯誤：
./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions
from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using
–without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library intothe system,
or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source withnginx by using
–with-http_ssl_module –with-openssl= options.
安裝OpenSSL
sudo apt-get install openssl
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
再次執行./configure成功，提示如下：
Configuration summary
+ using system PCRElibrary
+ OpenSSL library is notused
+ using builtin md5 code
+ sha1 library is notfound
+ using system zliblibrary
nginx path prefix:"/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file:"/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx configurationprefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
nginx configurationfile: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file:"/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file:"/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access logfile: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http clientrequest body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
nginx http proxytemporary files: "proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgitemporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgitemporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgitemporary files: "scgi_temp"
執行make
執行sudo makeinstall
- 默認安裝在/usr/local/nginx，包括如下文件：
hanxb@ubuntu :/usr/local/nginx$ ll
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2012-09-17 02:12 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 conf/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 html/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 logs/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 sbin/
- 啟動Nginx
進入sbin目錄，Ubuntu下直接執行其中的可執行文件Nginx，提示如下：
hanxb@ubuntu :/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ sudo ./nginx
啟動結果如圖：
具體的啟動參數如下：
啟動參數
含義
-c </path/to/config>
Specify which configuration file Nginx should use instead of the default.
-g
Set global directives. (version >=0.7.4)
-t
Don't run, just test the configuration file. Nginx checks configuration for correct syntax and then try to open files referred in configuration.
-s signal
Send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload. (version >= 0.7.53)
-v
Print version.
-V
Print nginx version, compiler version and configure parameters.
-p prefix
Set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/). (version >= 0.7.53)
-h,-?
Print help.
如：/usr/local/nginx-t -c~/mynginx.conf -g"pid /var/run/nginx.pid;worker_processes 2;"
打開瀏覽器訪問http://localhost/，Nginx默認使用80端口。出現如下頁面：
- Nginx的配置
The Nginx configuration file is an inheriting-hierarchy, directives specified in a higher block willfilter down to lower blocks as a default value. So we should specify things inthe top most hierarchy whenever possible. 3 hierarchies are usually referred toas blocks:
- the HTTP-block
- the server-block,which is what in Apache would be considered a virtual host.
- and the location block,usually referrers to the URI. locationswork on the URI without any query parameters and only one location block willever be run.
The hierarchy goes like this: http -> server ->location.
There are two other special locations (contain only a minoramount of directives), an event blockand the rootwhich the event blockand the http block reside in.
Nginx的配置文件為/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，默認內容如下：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
Nginx will always choose the mostspecific match. Adding the default_serverflag to the listen directive, you can create a default virtual host to catchall domains without a proper match.
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
index index.html;
root /var/www/default;
}
server_name _;meansnothing and does nothing.
The requests for /forum aretransferred to new subdomain (forum.domain.com), while requests to files not in/forum will be served from /home/domain.com.
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name www.domain.com;
root /home/domain.com;
# This will match any URI beginning with /forum
location /forum {
# We capture the URI and redirect it to the subdomain.
rewrite forum(.*) http://forum.domain.com$1 permanent;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name forum.domain.com;
index index.php;
root /home/domain.com/forum;
}
修改配置文件后，需要停止當前運行的Nginx主進程，Ubuntu命令如下：
kill -HUPcat/var/run/nginx.pid
Nginx的主進程（master process）能夠接收的信號如下：
TERM, INT
Quick shutdown
QUIT
Graceful shutdown
KILL
Halts a stubborn process
HUP
Configuration reload
Start the new worker processes with a new configuration
Gracefully shutdown the old worker processes
USR1
Reopen the log files
USR2
Upgrade Executable on the fly
WINCH
Gracefully shutdown the worker processes
Nginx的工作進程（work process）能夠接收的信號如下：
TERM, INT
Quick shutdown
QUIT
Graceful shutdown
USR1
Reopen the log files
然后重新啟動。