MySQL的主從復制和級聯
記錄一下mysql的主主復制和級聯復制。
一、環境
主機:192.25.10.71 主機:192.25.10.73 從機:192.25.10.76 DB:Mysql 5.5.31 OS:CentOS 6.3二、架構
三、實施步驟
mysql的安裝略
1.master端創建測試DB
[root@proxy1 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1959 Server version: 5.5.31-log Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database db_kenyon; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db_kenyon | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use db_kenyon; Database changed mysql> create table t_kenyon(id int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> insert into t_kenyon values(1),(2),(3); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t_kenyon; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | +------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status; Empty set (0.00 sec) [root@localhost ~]#</pre>2.修改配置/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id =1 binlog-do-db=db_kenyon innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/ innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M innodb_log_file_size = 64M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 503.創建slave端連到master端的用戶,重啟master[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL............ SUCCESS! [root@localhost ~]# mysql mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.25.10.73' identified by '123456'; mysql> flush privileges; [root@localhost ~]#4.備份master端數據,并拷貝至slave端mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 120 | db_kenyon | | | +------------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
另外一個session: [root@localhost log]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data [root@localhost data]# tar -zcvf backup.tar.gz db_kenyon [root@localhost ]# scp backup.tar.gz root@192.25.10.73:/usr/local/mysql/data/
--回到之前的session,從機搭完以后解鎖，保證數據一致 mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)</pre>5.修改slave端的數據
[mysqld] server-id = 2 master-host = 192.25.10.71 #5.5以上廢棄 master-user = repl #5.5以上廢棄 master-password = 123456 #5.5以上廢棄 master-port = 3306 #5.5以上廢棄 master-connect-retry=60 #重試時間60秒, #5.5以上廢棄 replicate-do-db=db_kenyon #需要同步的庫 log-slave-updates=1 #啟用從庫日志，這樣可以設置鏈式復制 read-only = 1 #0表示可讀寫，1表示只讀,但是只針對普通用戶，超級用戶和同步用戶不受此限制6.重啟slave，并指定主機檢查mysql> change master to master_host='192.25.10.71',master_user='repl',master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=120 mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 192.25.10.71 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: db_kenyon Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_Space: 120 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 0 Master_UUID: Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec)調整網絡和mysql參數等，使兩個參數：Slave_IO_Running， Slave_SQL_Running的狀態為YES
7.級聯過程
其他配置如上，注意級聯參數log-slave-updates開啟,該參數在my.cnf里值應為1，或者mysql> show variables like 'log_slave_%'; +-------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+-------+ | log_slave_updates | ON | +-------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)8.主主的過程就是主從的基礎上再以從機為主機，反向操作一遍即可。簡單測試，在71上建表，73、76上都能看到該表即成功。
四、級聯的性能損耗測試
使用mysqlslap[root@proxy1 bin]# ./mysqlslap --concurrency=2 --iterations=5 --number-int-cols=10 --number-char-cols=10 -a --auto-generate-sql-guid-primary --number-of-queries=10000 --auto-generate-sql-load-type=write Benchmark Average number of seconds to run all queries: 5.324 seconds Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 4.106 seconds Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 6.113 seconds Number of clients running queries: 2 Average number of queries per client: 5000 每秒處理能力1878改變concurrency,得到如下結果:
| 并發數 | 平均時間s(前者開啟級聯) | 每秒處理 | 損耗 |
| 2 | 5.324 | 1878 | 0.6s 11% |
| 2 | 5.912 | 1691 | 0.6s 11% |
| 10 | 2.521 | 3966 | 0.3s 12% |
| 10 | 2.828 | 3536 | 0.3s 12% |
| 50 | 2.161 | 4627 | 0.2s 7% |
| 50 | 2.331 | 4290 | 0.2s 7% |
| 100 | 2.355 | 4246 | 0.3s 11% |
| 100 | 2.618 | 3819 | 0.3s 11% |