RMAN的使用

--本地

創建文件夾
mkdir /home/oracle/backup
mkdir /home/oracle/backup/script
mkdir /home/oracle/backup/log
mkdir /home/oracle/backup/export

--備份目的地
mkdir /home/oracle/rman_backup

創建備份表空間

create tablespace rman_tbs datafile '/oradata/luke/rman_tbs01.dbf' size 1024M;

創建備份用戶
create user rman identified by rman default tablespace rman_tbs temporary tablespace temp;

grant connect,resource ,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;

rman catalog rman/rman
create catalog tablespace rman_tbs;
connect target sys/lukewhx@luke
register database;
report schema;

configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;

--倒出RMAN用戶數據腳本exp_rman.par (即備份catalog庫）

userid=rman/rman
file=/home/oracle/backup/export/rman.dmp
log=/home/oracle/backup/log/rman.log

-- 倒出RMAN數據SHELL腳本exp_rman.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
cd $HOME/backup/script
exp parfile=exp_rman.par

-- 零級備份RMAN腳本level0_backup.rcv
connect catalog rman/rman
connect target sys/unumall@unu2
run { 

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 14 DAYS; 
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; 
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 database format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'
tag='level 0' include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d2;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;

--零級備份SHELL腳本的level0_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
cd $HOME/backup/script
rman cmdfile=level0_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level0_backup.log
. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh

--一級差異增量備份RMAN腳本 level1_backup.rcv
connect catalog rman/rman
connect target sys/luke@luke
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup incremental level 1 format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 1' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;

--一級差異增量備份SHELL腳本level1_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
cd /home/oracle/backup/script
rman cmdfile=level1_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level1.log
. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh

--二級差異增量備份RMAN腳本 level2_backup.rcv
connect catalog rman/rman
connect target sys/luke@luke
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup incremental level 2 format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 2' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;

--二級差異增量備份SHELL腳本level2_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
cd /home/oracle/backup/script
rman cmdfile=level2_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level2.log
. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh

提高 RMAN增量備份性能

alter database enable block change tracking using file
'/u01/app/oracle/admin/devdb/bdump/luke.log';

desc v$block_change_tracking;

linux下定時執行備份腳本

crontab -e -u oracle
SHELL=/bin/bash --以下腳本在bash下執行
MAILTO=oracle --執行日志以郵件形式郵給oracle用戶，可以/var/spool/mail/oracle下查收
10 1 * * 0 /home/oracle/backup/script/level0_backup.sh
10 1 * * 1 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
10 1 * * 2 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
10 1 * * 3 /home/oracle/backup/script/level1_backup.sh
10 1 * * 4 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
10 1 * * 5 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
10 1 * * 6 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh

一周差異備份策略：
備份目標庫和catalog庫
周日0級全備，周一周二為2級，周三為1級，周四周五周六為2級。
每天凌晨1點10分開始備份

零級備份
backup incremental level 0 database;
一級差異增量 差異增量是默認增量備份方式
backup incremental level 1 database;
一級累計增量
backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;