hearbeat+pacemaker的方式實現PostgreSQL流復制自動切換
heartbeat + pacemaker + postgres_streaming_replication
說明：
該文檔用于說明以hearbeat+pacemaker的方式實現PostgreSQL流復制自動切換。注意內容包括有關hearbeat/pacemaker知識總結以及整個環境的搭建過程和問題處理。
一、介紹
Heartbeat
自3版本開始，heartbeat將原來項目拆分為了多個子項目（即多個獨立組件），現在的組件包括：heartbeat、cluster-glue、resource-agents。
各組件主要功能：
heartbeat：屬于集群的信息層，負責維護集群中所有節點的信息以及各節點之間的通信。
cluster-glue：包括LRM（本地資源管理器）、STONITH，將heartbeat與crm（集群資源管理器）聯系起來，屬于一個中間層。
resource-agents：即各種資源腳本，由LRM調用從而實現各個資源的啟動、停止、監控等。
Heartbeat內部組件關系圖：
Pacemaker
Pacemaker，即Cluster Resource Manager（CRM），管理整個HA，客戶端通過pacemaker管理監控整個集群。
常用的集群管理工具：
（1）基于命令行
crm shell/pcs
（2）基于圖形化
pygui/hawk/lcmc/pcs
Hawk:http://clusterlabs.org/wiki/Hawk
Lcmc:http://www.drbd.org/mc/lcmc/
Pacemaker內部組件、模塊關系圖：
二、環境
2.1 OS
# cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.4 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m # uname -a Linux node1 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
2.2 IP
node1:
eth0 192.168.100.161/24 GW 192.168.100.1 ---真實地址
eth1 2.2.2.1/24 ---心跳地址
eth2 192.168.2.1/24 ---流復制地址
node2:
eth0 192.168.100.162/24 GW 192.168.100.1 ---真實地址
eth1 2.2.2.2/24 ---心跳地址
eth2 192.168.2.2/24 ---流復制地址
虛擬地址：
eth0:0 192.168.100.163/24 ---vip-master
eth0:0 192.168.100.164/24 ---vip-slave
eth2:0 192.168.2.3/24 ---vip-rep
2.3 軟件版本
# rpm -qa | grep heartbeat heartbeat-devel-3.0.3-2.3.el5 heartbeat-debuginfo-3.0.3-2.3.el5 heartbeat-3.0.3-2.3.el5 heartbeat-libs-3.0.3-2.3.el5 heartbeat-devel-3.0.3-2.3.el5 heartbeat-3.0.3-2.3.el5 heartbeat-debuginfo-3.0.3-2.3.el5 heartbeat-libs-3.0.3-2.3.el5 # rpm -qa | grep pacemaker pacemaker-libs-1.0.12-1.el5.centos pacemaker-1.0.12-1.el5.centos pacemaker-debuginfo-1.0.12-1.el5.centos pacemaker-debuginfo-1.0.12-1.el5.centos pacemaker-1.0.12-1.el5.centos pacemaker-libs-1.0.12-1.el5.centos pacemaker-libs-devel-1.0.12-1.el5.centos pacemaker-libs-devel-1.0.12-1.el5.centos # rpm -qa | grep resource-agent resource-agents-1.0.4-1.1.el5 # rpm -qa | grep cluster-glue cluster-glue-libs-1.0.6-1.6.el5 cluster-glue-libs-1.0.6-1.6.el5 cluster-glue-1.0.6-1.6.el5 cluster-glue-libs-devel-1.0.6-1.6.el5
PostgreSQL Version：9.1.4
三、安裝
3.1 設置YUM源
# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/pacemaker.repo http://clusterlabs.org/rpm/epel-5/clusterlabs.repo
3.2 安裝heartbeat/pacemaker
安裝libesmtp：
# wget ftp://ftp.univie.ac.at/systems/linux/fedora/epel/5/x86_64/libesmtp-1.0.4-5.el5.x86_64.rpm # wget ftp://ftp.univie.ac.at/systems/linux/fedora/epel/5/i386/libesmtp-1.0.4-5.el5.i386.rpm # rpm -ivh libesmtp-1.0.4-5.el5.x86_64.rpm # rpm -ivh libesmtp-1.0.4-5.el5.i386.rpm
安裝pacemaker corosync:
# yum install heartbeat* pacemaker*
通過命令查看資源腳本：
# crm ra list ocf AoEtarget AudibleAlarm CTDB ClusterMon Delay Dummy EvmsSCC Evmsd Filesystem HealthCPU HealthSMART ICP IPaddr IPaddr2 IPsrcaddr IPv6addr LVM LinuxSCSI MailTo ManageRAID ManageVE Pure-FTPd Raid1 Route SAPDatabase SAPInstance SendArp ServeRAID SphinxSearchDaemon Squid Stateful SysInfo SystemHealth VIPArip VirtualDomain WAS WAS6 WinPopup Xen Xinetd anything apache conntrackd controld db2 drbd eDir88 exportfs fio iSCSILogicalUnit iSCSITarget ids iscsi jboss ldirectord mysql mysql-proxy nfsserver nginx o2cb oracle oralsnr pgsql ping pingd portblock postfix proftpd rsyncd scsi2reservation sfex syslog-ng tomcat vmware
禁止開機啟動：
# chkconfig heartbeat off
3.3 安裝PostgreSQL
安裝目錄為/opt/pgsql
{安裝過程略}
為postgres用戶配置環境變量：
[postgres@node1 ~]$ cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs export PATH=/opt/pgsql/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin export PGDATA=/opt/pgsql/data export PGUSER=postgres export PGPORT=5432 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/pgsql/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
四、配置
4.1 hosts設置
# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.100.161 node1 192.168.100.162 node2
4.2 配置heartbeat
創建配置文件：
# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.3/ha.cf /etc/ha.d/
修改配置：
# vim /etc/ha.d/ha.cf logfile /var/log/ha-log logfacility local0 keepalive 2 deadtime 30 warntime 10 initdead 120 ucast eth1 2.2.2.2 #node2上改為2.2.2.1 auto_failback off node node1 node node2 pacemaker respawn #自heartbeat-3.0.4改為crm respawn
4.3 生成密鑰
# (echo -ne "auth 1\n1 sha1 ";dd if=/dev/urandom bs=512 count=1 | openssl sha1 ) > /etc/ha.d/authkeys 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.00032444 s, 1.6 MB/s # chmod 0600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
4.4 同步配置
[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/ha.d/ [root@node1 ha.d]# scp authkeys ha.cf node2:/etc/ha.d/
4.5 下載替換腳本
pgsql腳本過舊，不支持配置pgsql.crm中設置的一些參數，需要從網上下載并替換pgsql
下載地址：
https://github.com/ClusterLabs/resource-agents?
# unzip resource-agents-master.zip # cd resource-agents-master/heartbeat/ # cp pgsql /usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/ # cp ocf-shellfuncs.in /usr/lib/ocf/lib/heartbeat/ocf-shellfuncs # cp ocf-rarun /usr/lib/ocf/lib/heartbeat/ocf-rarun # chmod 755 /usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/pgsql
修改ocf-shellfuncs：
if [ -z "$OCF_ROOT" ]; then
# : ${OCF_ROOT=@OCF_ROOT_DIR@}
: ${OCF_ROOT=/usr/lib/ocf}
Fi
pgsql資源腳本特性：
●主節點失效切換
master宕掉時，RA檢測到該問題并將master標記為stop，隨后將slave提升為新的master。
●異步與同步切換
如果slave宕掉或者LAN中存在問題，那么當設置為同步復制時包含寫操作的事務將會被終止，也就意味著服務將停止。因此，為防止服務停止RA將會動態地將同步轉換為異步復制。
●初始啟動時自動識別新舊數據
當兩個或多個節點上的Pacemaker同時初始啟動時，RA通過每個節點上最近的replay location進行比較，找出最新數據節點。這個擁有最新數據的節點將被認為是master。當然，若在一個節點上啟動pacemaker或者該節點上的pacemaker是第一個被啟動的，那么它也將成為master。RA依據停止前的數據狀態進行裁定。
●讀負載均衡
由于slave節點可以處理只讀事務，因此對于讀操作可以通過虛擬另一個虛擬IP來實現讀操作的負載均衡。
4.6 啟動heartbeat
啟動：
[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start [root@node2 ~]# service heartbeat start
檢測狀態：
[root@node1 ~]# crm status ============ Last updated: Fri Jan 24 08:02:54 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node2 (43a4f083-c5d3-4c66-a387-b05d79b5dd89) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 0 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 node2 ]
{heartbeat啟動成功}
測試：
禁用stonith，創建一個虛擬ip資源vip
[root@node1 ~]# crm configure property stonith-enabled="false" [root@node1 ~]# crm configure crm(live)configure# primitive vip ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \ > params \ > ip="192.168.100.90" \ > nic="eth0" \ > cidr_netmask="24" \ > op start timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="stop" \ > op monitor timeout="60s" interval="10s" on-fail="restart" \ > op stop timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="block" crm(live)configure# commit crm(live)configure# quit bye
[root@node2 heartbeat]# crm_mon -1 ============ Last updated: Fri Jan 24 08:23:09 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node2 (43a4f083-c5d3-4c66-a387-b05d79b5dd89) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 1 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 node2 ] vip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1
{vip資源在node1上運行}
[root@node1 ~]# ping 192.168.100.90 PING 192.168.100.90 (192.168.100.90) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.100.90: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.100.90: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.111 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.100.90: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.123 ms
模擬node1故障
[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat stop [root@node2 heartbeat]# crm_mon -1 ============ Last updated: Fri Jan 24 08:22:22 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node2 (43a4f083-c5d3-4c66-a387-b05d79b5dd89) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 1 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node2 ] OFFLINE: [ node1 ] vip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2
{node2順利接管資源vip}
重新恢復node1
[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start [root@node2 heartbeat]# crm_mon -1 ============ Last updated: Fri Jan 24 08:23:09 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node2 (43a4f083-c5d3-4c66-a387-b05d79b5dd89) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 1 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 node2 ] vip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1
{node1順利收回vip資源的接管權}
刪除資源：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -D -r vip -t primitive [root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -L NO resources configured
4.7 配置流復制
在node1/node2上配置postgresql.conf/pg_hba.conf：
postgresql.conf : listen_addresses = '*' port = 5432 wal_level = hot_standby archive_mode = on archive_command = 'test ! -f /opt/archivelog/%f && cp %p /opt/archivelog/%f' max_wal_senders = 4 wal_keep_segments = 50 hot_standby = on pg_hba.conf : host replication postgres 192.168.2.0/24 trust
4.8 配置pacemaker
{關于pacemaker的配置可通過多種方式，如crmsh、hb_gui、pcs等，該實驗使用crmsh配置}
啟動node1的heartbeat，關閉node2的heartbeat。
編寫crm配置腳本：
[root@node1 ~]# cat pgsql.crm property \ no-quorum-policy="ignore" \ stonith-enabled="false" \ crmd-transition-delay="0s" rsc_defaults \ resource-stickiness="INFINITY" \ migration-threshold="1" ms msPostgresql pgsql \ meta \ master-max="1" \ master-node-max="1" \ clone-max="2" \ clone-node-max="1" \ notify="true" clone clnPingCheck pingCheck group master-group \ vip-master \ vip-rep \ meta \ ordered="false" primitive vip-master ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \ params \ ip="192.168.100.163" \ nic="eth0" \ cidr_netmask="24" \ op start timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="stop" \ op monitor timeout="60s" interval="10s" on-fail="restart" \ op stop timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="block" primitive vip-rep ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \ params \ ip="192.168.2.3" \ nic="eth2" \ cidr_netmask="24" \ meta \ migration-threshold="0" \ op start timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="restart" \ op monitor timeout="60s" interval="10s" on-fail="restart" \ op stop timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="block" primitive vip-slave ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \ params \ ip="192.168.100.164" \ nic="eth0" \ cidr_netmask="24" \ meta \ resource-stickiness="1" \ op start timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="restart" \ op monitor timeout="60s" interval="10s" on-fail="restart" \ op stop timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="block" primitive pgsql ocf:heartbeat:pgsql \ params \ pgctl="/opt/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl" \ psql="/opt/pgsql/bin/psql" \ pgdata="/opt/pgsql/data/" \ start_opt="-p 5432" \ rep_mode="sync" \ node_list="node1 node2" \ restore_command="cp /opt/archivelog/%f %p" \ primary_conninfo_opt="keepalives_idle=60 keepalives_interval=5 keepalives_count=5" \ master_ip="192.168.2.3" \ stop_escalate="0" \ op start timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="restart" \ op monitor timeout="60s" interval="7s" on-fail="restart" \ op monitor timeout="60s" interval="2s" on-fail="restart" role="Master" \ op promote timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="restart" \ op demote timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="stop" \ op stop timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="block" \ op notify timeout="60s" interval="0s" primitive pingCheck ocf:pacemaker:pingd \ params \ name="default_ping_set" \ host_list="192.168.100.1" \ multiplier="100" \ op start timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="restart" \ op monitor timeout="60s" interval="10s" on-fail="restart" \ op stop timeout="60s" interval="0s" on-fail="ignore" location rsc_location-1 vip-slave \ rule 200: pgsql-status eq "HS:sync" \ rule 100: pgsql-status eq "PRI" \ rule -inf: not_defined pgsql-status \ rule -inf: pgsql-status ne "HS:sync" and pgsql-status ne "PRI" location rsc_location-2 msPostgresql \ rule -inf: not_defined default_ping_set or default_ping_set lt 100 colocation rsc_colocation-1 inf: msPostgresql clnPingCheck colocation rsc_colocation-2 inf: master-group msPostgresql:Master order rsc_order-1 0: clnPingCheck msPostgresql order rsc_order-2 0: msPostgresql:promote master-group:start symmetrical=false order rsc_order-3 0: msPostgresql:demote master-group:stop symmetrical=false
導入配置腳本：
[root@node1 ~]# crm configure load update pgsql.crm WARNING: pgsql: specified timeout 60s for stop is smaller than the advised 120 WARNING: pgsql: specified timeout 60s for start is smaller than the advised 120 WARNING: pgsql: specified timeout 60s for notify is smaller than the advised 90 WARNING: pgsql: specified timeout 60s for demote is smaller than the advised 120 WARNING: pgsql: specified timeout 60s for promote is smaller than the advised 120 WARNING: pingCheck: specified timeout 60s for start is smaller than the advised 90 WARNING: pingCheck: specified timeout 60s for stop is smaller than the advised 100
一段時間后查看ha狀態：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_mon -Afr1 ============ Last updated: Mon Jan 27 05:23:59 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node1 (30b7dc95-25c5-40d7-b1e4-7eaf2d5cdf07) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 4 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 ] OFFLINE: [ node2 ] Full list of resources: vip-slave (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 Resource Group: master-group vip-master (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 vip-rep (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 Master/Slave Set: msPostgresql Masters: [ node1 ] Stopped: [ pgsql:0 ] Clone Set: clnPingCheck Started: [ node1 ] Stopped: [ pingCheck:1 ] Node Attributes: * Node node1: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:1 : 1000 + pgsql-data-status : LATEST + pgsql-master-baseline : 0000000003000078 + pgsql-status : PRI Migration summary: * Node node1:
注：剛啟動時為slave，一段時間后自動切換為master。
待資源在node1上都正常運行后在node2上執行基礎備份同步：
[postgres@node2 data]$ pg_basebackup -h 192.168.2.3 -U postgres -D /opt/pgsql/data/ -P
啟動node2的heartbeat：
[root@node2 ~]# service heartbeat start
過一段時間后查看集群狀態：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_mon -Afr1 ============ Last updated: Mon Jan 27 05:27:22 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node1 (30b7dc95-25c5-40d7-b1e4-7eaf2d5cdf07) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 4 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 node2 ] Full list of resources: vip-slave (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2 Resource Group: master-group vip-master (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 vip-rep (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 Master/Slave Set: msPostgresql Masters: [ node1 ] Slaves: [ node2 ] Clone Set: clnPingCheck Started: [ node1 node2 ] Node Attributes: * Node node1: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:1 : 1000 + pgsql-data-status : LATEST + pgsql-master-baseline : 0000000003000078 + pgsql-status : PRI * Node node2: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:0 : 100 + pgsql-data-status : STREAMING|SYNC + pgsql-status : HS:sync Migration summary: * Node node2: * Node node1:
{vip-slave資源已經由node1切換到了node2上，流復制狀態正常}
五、測試
5.1 備節點失效
在node2上殺死postgres數據庫進程，模擬備節點上數據庫崩潰：
[root@node2 ~]# killall -9 postgres
查看此時集群狀態：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_mon -Afr1 ============ Last updated: Mon Jan 27 08:36:49 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node1 (30b7dc95-25c5-40d7-b1e4-7eaf2d5cdf07) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 4 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 node2 ] Full list of resources: vip-slave (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 Resource Group: master-group vip-master (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 vip-rep (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 Master/Slave Set: msPostgresql Masters: [ node1 ] Stopped: [ pgsql:1 ] Clone Set: clnPingCheck Started: [ node1 node2 ] Node Attributes: * Node node1: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:0 : 1000 + pgsql-data-status : LATEST + pgsql-master-baseline : 0000000010000000 + pgsql-status : PRI * Node node2: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:1 : -INFINITY + pgsql-data-status : DISCONNECT + pgsql-status : STOP Migration summary: * Node node1: * Node node2: pgsql:1: migration-threshold=1 fail-count=1 Failed actions: pgsql:1_monitor_7000 (node=node2, call=11, rc=7, status=complete): not running
{vip-slave資源已成功切換到了node1上}
重啟node2上的heartbeat，數據庫將重新伴隨啟動：
[root@node2 ~]# service heartbeat restart
過段時間后查看狀態：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_mon -Afr1 ============ Last updated: Mon Jan 27 08:39:16 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node1 (30b7dc95-25c5-40d7-b1e4-7eaf2d5cdf07) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 4 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 node2 ] Full list of resources: vip-slave (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2 Resource Group: master-group vip-master (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 vip-rep (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 Master/Slave Set: msPostgresql Masters: [ node1 ] Slaves: [ node2 ] Clone Set: clnPingCheck Started: [ node1 node2 ] Node Attributes: * Node node1: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:0 : 1000 + pgsql-data-status : LATEST + pgsql-master-baseline : 0000000010000000 + pgsql-status : PRI * Node node2: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:1 : 100 + pgsql-data-status : STREAMING|SYNC + pgsql-status : HS:sync Migration summary: * Node node1: * Node node2:
{vip-slave又重新回到了nod2上，且流復制重新建立}
5.2 主節點失效切換
在node1上殺死postgres數據庫進程，模擬備節點上數據庫崩潰：
[root@node1 ~]# killall -9 postgres
等會查看集群狀態：
[root@node2 ~]# crm_mon -Afr -1 ============ Last updated: Mon Jan 27 08:43:03 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node1 (30b7dc95-25c5-40d7-b1e4-7eaf2d5cdf07) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 4 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 node2 ] Full list of resources: vip-slave (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2 Resource Group: master-group vip-master (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2 vip-rep (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2 Master/Slave Set: msPostgresql Masters: [ node2 ] Stopped: [ pgsql:0 ] Clone Set: clnPingCheck Started: [ node1 node2 ] Node Attributes: * Node node1: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:0 : -INFINITY + pgsql-data-status : DISCONNECT + pgsql-status : STOP * Node node2: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:1 : 1000 + pgsql-data-status : LATEST + pgsql-master-baseline : 00000000120000B0 + pgsql-status : PRI Migration summary: * Node node1: pgsql:0: migration-threshold=1 fail-count=1 * Node node2: Failed actions: pgsql:0_monitor_2000 (node=node1, call=25, rc=7, status=complete): not running
{vip-master/vip-rep都已成功切換到node2上，且node2已變為master，node2上pg數據庫狀態已切換為PRI}
5.3 主節點恢復
修復原主節點后將其恢復為當前備節點
在node1上執行一次基礎同步：
[postgres@node1 data]$ pwd /opt/pgsql/data [postgres@node1 data]$ rm -rf * [postgres@node1 data]$ pg_basebackup -h 192.168.2.3 -U postgres -D /opt/pgsql/data/ -P 19172/19172 kB (100%), 1/1 tablespace NOTICE: pg_stop_backup complete, all required WAL segments have been archived [postgres@node1 data]$ ls backup_label base pg_clog pg_ident.conf pg_notify pg_stat_tmp pg_tblspc PG_VERSION postgresql.conf backup_label.old global pg_hba.conf pg_multixact pg_serial pg_subtrans pg_twophase pg_xlog recovery.done
啟動heartbeat之前必須刪除資鎖，不然資源將不會伴隨heartbeat啟動：
[root@node1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/pgsql/tmp/PGSQL.lock
{該鎖文件在當節點為主節點時創建，但不會因為heartbeat的異常停止或數據庫/系統的異常終止而自動刪除，所以在恢復一個節點的時候只要該節點充當過主節點就需要手動清理該鎖文件}
重啟node1上的heartbeat：
[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat restart
過段時間后查看集群狀態：
[root@node2 ~]# crm_mon -Afr1 ============ Last updated: Mon Jan 27 08:50:43 2014 Stack: Heartbeat Current DC: node2 (f2dcd1df-7429-42f5-82e9-b73921f97cab) - partition with quorum Version: 1.0.12-unknown 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes 4 Resources configured. ============ Online: [ node1 node2 ] Full list of resources: vip-slave (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1 Resource Group: master-group vip-master (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2 vip-rep (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2 Master/Slave Set: msPostgresql Masters: [ node2 ] Slaves: [ node1 ] Clone Set: clnPingCheck Started: [ node1 node2 ] Node Attributes: * Node node1: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:0 : 100 + pgsql-data-status : STREAMING|SYNC + pgsql-status : HS:sync * Node node2: + default_ping_set : 100 + master-pgsql:1 : 1000 + pgsql-data-status : LATEST + pgsql-master-baseline : 00000000120000B0 + pgsql-status : PRI Migration summary: * Node node1: * Node node2:
{vip-slave已成功切到node1上，node1成功成為流復制備節點}
六、管理
6.1 啟動關閉heartbeat
[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start [root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat stop
6.2 查看HA狀態
[root@node1 ~]# crm status
6.3 查看資源狀態及節點屬性
[root@node1 ~]# crm_mon -Afr -1
6.4 查看配置
[root@node1 ~]# crm configure show
6.5 實時監控HA
[root@node1 ~]# crm_mon -Afr
6.6 crm_resource命令
資源啟動/關閉：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -r vip-master -v started [root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -r vip-master -v stoped
列舉資源：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -L vip-slave (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started Resource Group: master-group vip-master (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started vip-rep (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started Master/Slave Set: msPostgresql [pgsql] Masters: [ node1 ] Slaves: [ node2 ] Clone Set: clnPingCheck [pingCheck] Started: [ node1 node2 ]
查看資源位置：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -W -r pgsql resource pgsql is running on: node2
遷移資源：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -M -r vip-slave -N node2
刪除資源：
[root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -D -r vip-slave -t primitive
6.7 crm命令
列舉指定的RA：
[root@node1 ~]# crm ra list ocf pacemaker ClusterMon Dummy HealthCPU HealthSMART Stateful SysInfo SystemHealth controld ping pingd remote
刪除節點：
[root@node1 ~]# crm node delete node2
停用節點：
[root@node1 ~]# crm node standby node2
啟用節點：
[root@node1 ~]# crm node online node2
配置pacemaker：
[root@node1 ~]# crm configure crm(live)configure# …… …… crm(live)configure# commit crm(live)configure# quit
6.8 重置failcount
[root@node1 ~]# crm resource crm(live)resource# failcount pgsql set node1 0 crm(live)resource# failcount pgsql show node1 scope=status name=fail-count-pgsql value=0
[root@node1 ~]# crm resource cleanup pgsql Cleaning up pgsql:0 on node1 Waiting for 1 replies from the CRMd. OK
[root@node1 ~]# crm_failcount -G -U node1 -r pgsql scope=status name=fail-count-pgsql value=INFINITY [root@node1 ~]# crm_failcount -D -U node1 -r pgsql
七、問題記錄
7.1 Q1
問題現象：
heartbeat日志中報如下錯誤：
Jan 24 07:47:36 node1 heartbeat: [2515]: WARN: nodename node1 uuid changed to node2
Jan 24 07:47:38 node1 heartbeat: [2515]: WARN: nodename node2 uuid changed to node1
Jan 24 07:47:38 node1 heartbeat: [2515]: WARN: nodename node1 uuid changed to node2
Jan 24 07:47:40 node1 heartbeat: [2515]: WARN: nodename node2 uuid changed to node1
Jan 24 07:47:40 node1 heartbeat: [2515]: WARN: nodename node1 uuid changed to node2
Jan 24 07:47:42 node1 heartbeat: [2515]: WARN: nodename node2 uuid changed to node1
Jan 24 07:47:42 node1 heartbeat: [2515]: WARN: nodename node1 uuid changed to node2
解決方式：
因為是通過虛擬機克隆生成的node2,所以hb_uuid相同，需要刪除后重新生成，如下：
[root@node2 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/heartbeat/hb_uuid [root@node2 ~]# service heartbeat restart
重啟之后將會生成新的hb_uuid
7.2 Q2
問題現象：
加載配置時報錯：
[root@node1 ~]# crm configure load update pgsql.crm ERROR: pgsql: parameter rep_mode does not exist ERROR: pgsql: parameter node_list does not exist ERROR: pgsql: parameter master_ip does not exist ERROR: pgsql: parameter restore_command does not exist ERROR: pgsql: parameter primary_conninfo_opt does not exist WARNING: pgsql: specified timeout 60s for stop is smaller than the advised 120 WARNING: pgsql: action monitor_Master not advertised in meta-data, it may not be supported by the RA WARNING: pgsql: specified timeout 60s for start is smaller than the advised 120 WARNING: pgsql: action notify not advertised in meta-data, it may not be supported by the RA WARNING: pgsql: action demote not advertised in meta-data, it may not be supported by the RA WARNING: pgsql: action promote not advertised in meta-data, it may not be supported by the RA WARNING: pingCheck: specified timeout 60s for start is smaller than the advised 90 WARNING: pingCheck: specified timeout 60s for stop is smaller than the advised 100 Do you still want to commit?
解決方式：
原因是pgsql腳本過舊，不支持配置pgsql.crm中設置的一些參數，需要從網上下載并替換pgsql
https://raw.github.com/ClusterLabs/resource-agents
7.3 Q3
問題現象：
加載配置時報錯：
[root@node1 ~]# crm configure load update pgsql.crm lrmadmin[15368]: 2014/01/24_09:18:44 ERROR: lrm_get_rsc_type_metadata(578): got a return code HA_FAIL from a reply message of rmetadata with function get_ret_from_msg. ERROR: ocf:heartbeat:pgsql: could not parse meta-data: ERROR: ocf:heartbeat:pgsql: could not parse meta-data: ERROR: ocf:heartbeat:pgsql: no such resource agent WARNING: pingCheck: specified timeout 60s for start is smaller than the advised 90 WARNING: pingCheck: specified timeout 60s for stop is smaller than the advised 100 Do you still want to commit?
解決方式：
原因是pgsql腳本權限不正確，使用下面命令修改即可：
# chmod 755 /usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/pgsql
7.4 Q4
問題現象：
啟動heartbeat時報錯：
[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start /usr/lib/ocf/lib//heartbeat/ocf-shellfuncs: line 56: @OCF_ROOT_DIR@/lib/heartbeat/ocf-binaries: No such file or directory
解決方式：
因為在CentOS5.5中@OCF_ROOT_DIR@變量無法替換為正確的路徑導致，可通過修改腳本實現，如下：
編輯ocf-shellfuncs修改如下內容：
if [ -z "$OCF_ROOT" ]; then
# : ${OCF_ROOT=@OCF_ROOT_DIR@}
: ${OCF_ROOT=/usr/lib/ocf}
fi
7.5 Q5
問題現象：
啟動heartbeat時報錯：
# service heartbeat start /usr/lib/ocf/lib//heartbeat/ocf-shellfuncs: line 60: /usr/lib/ocf/lib/heartbeat/ocf-rarun: No such file or directory
解決方式：
因為缺少ocf-rarun腳本導致
下載放入相應路徑即可：
下載地址https://raw.github.com/ClusterLabs/resource-agents
7.6 Q6
問題現象：
啟動heartbeat時因找不到啟動腳本而報錯：
[root@db1 ~]# service heartbeat start Starting High-Availability services: Heartbeat failure [rc=6]. Failed. heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 info: Pacemaker support: yes heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Client child command [/usr/lib64/heartbeat/cib] is not executable heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Directive failfast hacluster /usr/lib64/heartbeat/cib failed heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Client child command [/usr/lib64/heartbeat/stonithd] is not executable heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Directive respawn root /usr/lib64/heartbeat/stonithd failed heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Client child command [/usr/lib64/heartbeat/attrd] is not executable heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Directive respawn hacluster /usr/lib64/heartbeat/attrd failed heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Client child command [/usr/lib64/heartbeat/crmd] is not executable heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Directive failfast hacluster /usr/lib64/heartbeat/crmd failed heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Heartbeat not started: configuration error. heartbeat[2074]: 2014/01/23_09:06:59 ERROR: Configuration error, heartbeat not started.
解決方式：
ln -s /usr/libexec/pacemaker/cib /usr/lib64/heartbeat/cib ln -s /usr/libexec/pacemaker/stonithd /usr/lib64/heartbeat/stonithd ln -s /usr/libexec/pacemaker/attrd /usr/lib64/heartbeat/attrd ln -s /usr/libexec/pacemaker/crmd /usr/lib64/heartbeat/crmd
7.7 Q7
問題現象：
啟動heartbeat時報錯：
Jan 23 09:10:15 db1 heartbeat: [2129]: info: Heartbeat generation: 1390439416
Jan 23 09:10:15 db1 heartbeat: [2129]: info: No uuid found for current node - generating a new uuid.
Jan 23 09:10:15 db1 heartbeat: [2129]: info: Creating FIFO /var/lib/heartbeat/fifo.
Jan 23 09:10:15 db1 heartbeat: [2129]: info: glib: ucast: write socket priority set to IPTOS_LOWDELAY on eth1
Jan 23 09:10:15 db1 heartbeat: [2129]: info: glib: ucast: bound send socket to device: eth1
Jan 23 09:10:15 db1 heartbeat: [2129]: ERROR: glib: ucast: error setting option SO_REUSEPORT(w): Protocol not available
Jan 23 09:10:15 db1 heartbeat: [2129]: ERROR: make_io_childpair: cannot open ucast eth1
Jan 23 09:10:16 db1 heartbeat: [2132]: CRIT: Emergency Shutdown: Master Control process died.
Jan 23 09:10:16 db1 heartbeat: [2132]: CRIT: Killing pid 2129 with SIGTERM
Jan 23 09:10:16 db1 heartbeat: [2132]: CRIT: Emergency Shutdown(MCP dead): Killing ourselves.
解決方式：
1.升級內核版本，當前內核版本不支持ucast;
2.換用其它的檢測方式，如mcast/bcast。
7.8 Q8
問題現象：
使用bcast心跳檢測方式時報錯：
Jan 24 01:30:20 db2 heartbeat: [29856]: ERROR: glib: Error binding socket (Address already in use). Retrying.
Jan 24 01:30:21 db2 heartbeat: [29856]: ERROR: glib: Error binding socket (Address already in use). Retrying.
Jan 24 01:30:22 db2 heartbeat: [29856]: ERROR: glib: Error binding socket (Address already in use). Retrying.
Jan 24 01:30:23 db2 heartbeat: [29856]: ERROR: glib: Error binding socket (Address already in use). Retrying.
Jan 24 01:30:24 db2 heartbeat: [29856]: ERROR: glib: Unable to bind socket (Address already in use). Giving up.
Jan 24 01:30:24 db2 heartbeat: [29856]: info: glib: UDP Broadcast heartbeat closed on port 694 interface eth1 - Status: 1
Jan 24 01:30:24 db2 heartbeat: [29856]: ERROR: make_io_childpair: cannot open bcast eth1
Jan 24 01:30:25 db2 heartbeat: [29859]: CRIT: Emergency Shutdown: Master Control process died.
Jan 24 01:30:25 db2 heartbeat: [29859]: CRIT: Killing pid 29856 with SIGTERM
Jan 24 01:30:25 db2 heartbeat: [29859]: CRIT: Emergency Shutdown(MCP dead): Killing ourselves.
解決方式：
說明694端口已經被占用，查看
[root@db1 ~]# netstat -nlp | grep 694 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 1367/rpcbind udp 0 0 :::694 :::* 1367/rpcbind
換個UDP端口，如在ha.cf中指定udpport 692
八、參考資源
腳本：
https://github.com/ClusterLabs/resource-agents/blob/master/heartbeat/pgsql?
腳本使用說明：
crm_resouce命令：
http://www.novell.com/zh-cn/documentation/sle_ha/book_sleha/data/man_crmresource.html?
crm_failcount命令：
http://www.novell.com/zh-cn/documentation/sle_ha/book_sleha/data/man_crmfailcount.html?
來自：http://my.oschina.net/u/1011289/blog/200411