shiro之編碼/加密
在涉及到密碼存儲問題上,應該加密/生成密碼摘要存儲,而不是存儲明文密碼。
編碼/解碼
shiro提供了base64和16進制字符串編碼/解碼的API支持,方便一些編碼解碼操作。shiro內部的一些數據的存儲/表示都使用base64和16進制字符串。如例:
package org.shiro.t1; import junit.framework.Assert; import org.apache.shiro.codec.Base64; import org.apache.shiro.codec.Hex; import org.junit.Test; public class Shiro_1 { @Test public void test(){ String str1 = "hello"; //base64進行編碼 String base64Encoded = Base64.encodeToString(str1.getBytes()); //base64進行解碼 String str2 = Base64.decodeToString(base64Encoded); //16進制編碼 String hexEncoded = Hex.encodeToString(str1.getBytes()); //16進制解碼 String str3 = new String(Hex.decode(hexEncoded.getBytes())); Assert.assertEquals(str1,str2); Assert.assertEquals(str1, str3); } }
散列算法
散列算法一般用于生成數據的摘要信息,是一種不可逆的算法,一般適合存儲密碼之類的數據,常見的散列算法如:MD5、SHA等。一般進行散列時最好提供一個salt(鹽),比如加密密碼"admin",產生的散列值是 "21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3",可以到一些md5解密網站很容易的通過散列值得到密碼 "admin",即如果直接對密碼進行散列相對來說破解更容易,此時我們可以加一些只有系統知道的干擾數據,如用戶名和ID(即鹽);這樣散列的對象是 "密碼+用戶名+ID",這樣生成的散列值相對來說更難破解。如例:
package org.shiro.t1; import org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.Md5Hash; import org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.Sha256Hash; import org.junit.Test; public class Shiro_2 { @Test public void test(){ String str1 = "hello"; String salt = "123"; String md5Str1 = new Md5Hash(str1, salt).toString(); System.out.println("MD5值1:" + md5Str1); //還可以把MD5加密后的值再轉成Base64或16進制的編碼形式 String md5Str2 = new Md5Hash(str1, salt).toBase64(); String md5Str3 = new Md5Hash(str1, salt).toHex(); System.out.println("MD5值2:" + md5Str2); System.out.println("MD5值3:" + md5Str3); //還可以指定加密次數,這里散列加密3次 String md5Str4 = new Md5Hash(str1, salt, 3).toString(); System.out.println("MD5值4:" + md5Str4); System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"); //使用SHA256加密算法 String shaStr1 = new Sha256Hash(str1,salt).toString(); String shaStr2 = new Sha256Hash(str1, salt).toBase64(); String shaStr3 = new Sha256Hash(str1, salt).toHex(); String shaStr4 = new Sha256Hash(str1, salt,3).toString(); System.out.println("SHA256值1:" + shaStr1); System.out.println("SHA256值2:" + shaStr2); System.out.println("SHA256值3:" + shaStr3); System.out.println("SHA256值4:" + shaStr4); } }
如上代碼,通過鹽 "123",MD5與SHA256散列 "hello" 。另外散列時還可以指定散列次數。另外還有如SHA1、SHA512算法。
另外,shiro還提供了通用的散列支持,如下例:
package org.shiro.t1; import org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.SimpleHash; import org.junit.Test; public class Shiro_3 { @Test public void test(){ String str = "hello"; String salt = "123"; String simpleHash = new SimpleHash("SHA-1", str, salt).toString(); System.out.println(simpleHash); } }
通過調用SimpleHash時指定散列算法,其內部使用了java的MessageDigest實現。
為了方便使用,shiro提供了HashService,默認提供了DefaultHashService實現,見下例:
package org.shiro.t1; import org.apache.shiro.crypto.SecureRandomNumberGenerator; import org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.DefaultHashService; import org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.HashRequest; import org.apache.shiro.util.ByteSource; import org.apache.shiro.util.SimpleByteSource; import org.junit.Test; public class Shiro_4 { @Test public void test(){ //默認算法SHA-512 DefaultHashService hashService = new DefaultHashService(); hashService.setHashAlgorithmName("SHA-512"); //私鹽,默認無 hashService.setPrivateSalt(new SimpleByteSource("123")); //是否生成公鹽,默認false hashService.setGeneratePublicSalt(true); //用于生成公鹽,默認就這個 hashService.setRandomNumberGenerator(new SecureRandomNumberGenerator()); //生成Hash值的迭代次數 hashService.setHashIterations(1); HashRequest request = new HashRequest.Builder().setAlgorithmName("MD5"). setSource(ByteSource.Util.bytes("hello")).setSalt(ByteSource.Util.bytes("123")). setIterations(2).build(); String hex = hashService.computeHash(request).toHex(); System.out.println(hex); } }
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首先創建一個DefaultHashService,默認使用SHA-512算法。
2. 可以通過hashAlgorithmName屬性修改算法
3. 可以通過privateSalt設置一個私鹽,其在散列時自動與用戶傳入的公鹽混合產生一個新鹽
4. 可以通過generatePublicSalt屬性在用戶沒有傳入公鹽的情況下是否生成公鹽
5. 可以設置randomNumberGenerator用于生成公鹽
6. 可以設置hashIterations屬性來修改默認加密迭代次數
7. 需要構建一個HashRequest,傳入算法、數據、公鹽、迭代次數。
加密/解密
shiro還提供對稱式加密/解密算法的支持,如:AES、Blowfish等;AES算法實現的示例:
package org.shiro.t1; import java.security.Key; import junit.framework.Assert; import org.apache.shiro.codec.Hex; import org.apache.shiro.crypto.AesCipherService; import org.junit.Test; public class Shiro_5 { @Test public void test(){ AesCipherService aesCipherService = new AesCipherService(); //設置key長度 aesCipherService.setKeySize(128); //生成key Key key = aesCipherService.generateNewKey(); String text = "hello"; //加密 String encrptText = aesCipherService.encrypt(text.getBytes(), key.getEncoded()).toHex(); //解密 String text2 = new String(aesCipherService.decrypt(Hex.decode(encrptText), key.getEncoded()).getBytes()); Assert.assertEquals(text, text2); } }
PasswordService/CredentialsMatcher
shiro提供了PasswordService及CredentialsMatcher用于提供加密密碼及驗證密碼服務。
public interface PasswordService { //輸入明文密碼得到密文密碼 String encryptPassword(Object plaintextPassword) throws IllegalArgumentException; }
public interface CredentialsMatcher { //匹配用戶輸入的token的憑證(未加密)與系統提供憑證(已加密) boolean doCredentialsMatch(AuthenticationToken token,AuthenticationInfo info); }
shiro默認提供了PasswordService的實現DefaultPasswordService;CredentialsMatcher的實現PasswordMatcher及HashedCredentialsMatcher(更強大)。
DefaultPasswordService配合PasswordMatcher實現簡單的密碼加密與驗證服務,如例:
public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { private PasswordService passwordService; public void setPasswordService(PasswordService passwordService){ this.passwordService = passwordService; } //省略了doGetAthorizationInfo方法 @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException{ return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("wu", passwordService.encryptPassword("123"),getName()); } }
為了方便,直接注入一個passwordService來加密密碼,實際使用時需要在Service層使用passwordService加密密碼并存到數據庫。
下面是它的ini配置文件:
[main] passwordService=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.DefaultPasswordService hashService=org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.DefaultHashService passwordService.hashService=$hashService hashFormat=org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.format.Shiro1CryptFormat passwordService.hashFormat=$hashFormat hashFormatFactory=org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.format.DefaultHashFormatFactory passwordService.hashFormatFactory=$hashFormatFactory passwordMatcher=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.PasswordMatcher passwordMatcher.passwordService=$passwordService myRealm=shiro.t1.MyRealm #自定義 myRealm.passwordService=$passwordService myRealm.credentialsMatcher=$passwordMatcher securityManager.realms=$myRealm
1. passwordService使用DefaultPasswordService,如果有必要也可以自定義;
2. hashService定義散列密碼使用HashService,默認使用DefaultHashService(默認SHA-256算法)
3. hashFormat用于對散列出的值進行格式化,默認使用Shiro1CryptFormat,另外提供了Base64Format和HexFormat,對于有salt的密碼請自定義實現ParsableHashFormat然后把salt格式化到散列值中;
4. hashFormatFactory用于根據散列值得到散列的密碼和salt;因為如果使用如SHA算法,那么會生成一個salt,此salt需要保存到散列后的值中以便之后與傳入的密碼比較時使用;默認使用DefaultHashFormatFactory;
5. passwordMatcher使用PasswordMatcher,它是一個CredentialsMatcher實現;
6. 將credentialsMatcher賦值給myRealm,myRealm間接繼承了AuthenticatingRealm,其在調用getAuthenticationInfo方法獲取到AuthenticationInfo信息后,會使用credentialsMatcher來驗證憑據是否匹配,如果不匹配將拋出IncorrectCredentialsException異常。
我們再來看一個完整的實現(JDBC):
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>apl</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-test</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.8.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.1.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>0.2.23</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
shiro-jdbc-passwordservice.ini
[main] passwordService=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.DefaultPasswordService hashService=org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.DefaultHashService passwordService.hashService=$hashService hashFormat=org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.format.Shiro1CryptFormat passwordService.hashFormat=$hashFormat hashFormatFactory=org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.format.DefaultHashFormatFactory passwordService.hashFormatFactory=$hashFormatFactory passwordMatcher=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.PasswordMatcher passwordMatcher.passwordService=$passwordService dataSource=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource dataSource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver dataSource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shiro dataSource.username=root dataSource.password=000000 jdbcRealm=org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc.JdbcRealm jdbcRealm.dataSource=$dataSource jdbcRealm.permissionsLookupEnabled=true jdbcRealm.credentialsMatcher=$passwordMatcher securityManager.realms=$jdbcRealm
PasswordTest.java
package org.shiro.t2; import junit.framework.Assert; import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken; import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory; import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory; import org.junit.Test; public class PasswordTest { @Test public void testPasswordServiceWithJdbcRealm(){ //獲取SecurityManager工廠,此處使用ini配置文件初始化SecurityManager Factory<org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro-jdbc-passwordservice.ini"); //得到SecurityManager實例并綁定給SecurityUtils org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance(); SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager); //得到Subject及創建用戶名/密碼身份驗證Token(即用戶身份/憑證) Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("wu","123"); try { subject.login(token); } catch (AuthenticationException e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } boolean b = subject.isAuthenticated(); Assert.assertTrue(b); //退出 subject.logout(); } }
mysql表結構:
drop database if exists shiro; create database shiro; use shiro; create table users ( id bigint auto_increment, username varchar(100), password varchar(100), password_salt varchar(100), constraint pk_users primary key(id) ) charset=utf8 ENGINE=InnoDB; create unique index idx_users_username on users(username); create table user_roles( id bigint auto_increment, username varchar(100), role_name varchar(100), constraint pk_user_roles primary key(id) ) charset=utf8 ENGINE=InnoDB; create unique index idx_user_roles on user_roles(username, role_name); create table roles_permissions( id bigint auto_increment, role_name varchar(100), permission varchar(100), constraint pk_roles_permissions primary key(id) ) charset=utf8 ENGINE=InnoDB; create unique index idx_roles_permissions on roles_permissions(role_name, permission); insert into shiro.users(username, password, password_salt) values('wu', '$shiro1$SHA-512$1$$PJkJr+wlNU1VHa4hWQuybjjVPyF zuNPcPu5MBH56scHri4UQPjvnumE7MbtcnDYhTcnxSkL9ei/bhIVrylxEwg==', null); insert into shiro.users(username, password, password_salt) values('liu', 'a9a114054aa6758184314fbb959fbda4', '24520ee264eab73ec09451d0e9ea6aac');