Java操作MongoDB2.6的常見API用法

對于mongoDB而言，學習方式和學習關系型數據庫差不太多

開始都是學習如何insert、find、update、remove，然后就是分頁、排序、索引，再接著就是主從復制、副本集、分片等等

最后就是通過它提供的各個驅動（比如Java、PHP、node.js等等）來練習所謂的高級用法

另外：相對于Oracle有PLSQL Developer，MySQL有HeidiSQL

mongoDB也不例外，它的圖形化工具中有一款叫做mongoVUE的，我用的是1.5.3破解版（不是每15天就得改一次注冊表的那種）

下面演示的就是以Java為例，常見的操作mongoDB API用法

package com.jadyer.test;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.WriteResult;
import com.mongodb.util.JSON;

/**
 * mongoDB的Java驅動測試
 * @see ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * @see 配置
 * @see 1)下載https://fastdl.mongodb.org/win32/mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-2.6.1.zip
 * @see 2)解壓到本地硬盤D:\Develop\mongoDB\中,并配置環境變量path=D:\Develop\mongoDB\bin
 * @see   然后在CMD下執行此命令驗證安裝成功與否>mongod --version
 * @see 3)建立D:\Develop\mongoDBData\文件夾,用于存放mongoDB數據文件
 * @see 4)自定義bat文件,分別用于啟動mongoDB數據庫和連接數據庫的客戶端
 * @see   啟動客戶端的mongo_client.bat內容為-->mongo 127.0.0.1:27017/admin
 * @see   啟動數據庫的mongo_db.bat內容為------>mongod --dbpath D:\Develop\mongoDBData --rest
 * @see   注:加入[--rest]參數是為了能夠訪問mongoDB的Web控制臺http://127.0.0.1:28017/
 * @see ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * @see Java驅動
 * @see 這里要用到mongoDB的Java驅動包,下載地址http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/drivers/java/
 * @see ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * @create May 15, 2014 10:17:30 PM
 * @author 玄玉<http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer>
 */
public class MongoDBTest {
    private static MongoClient mongoClient;
    private static DB db;

    /**
     * 建立數據庫連接
     */
    @BeforeClass
    public static void globalInit(){
        try {
            //mongoClient = new MongoClient(Arrays.asList(new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27017), new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27018), new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27019)));
            mongoClient = new MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27017);
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            System.err.println("mongoDB主機地址有誤");
        }
        db = mongoClient.getDB("mydemo");
    }


    /**
     * 銷毀數據庫連接
     */
    @AfterClass
    public static void globalDestroy(){
        mongoClient.close();
    }


    /**
     * 獲取數據庫信息
     */
    @Test
    public void getMetaData(){
        //查詢數據庫中所有的集合名稱
        for(String collectionName : db.getCollectionNames()){
            System.out.println("mydemo數據庫所擁有的集合為:[" + collectionName + "]");
        }
        //查詢某一集合中的數據
        DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("person");
        DBCursor cursor = collection.find();
        try{
            while(cursor.hasNext()){
                System.out.println("person集合所擁有的name為--[" + cursor.next().get("name") + "]");
            }
        }finally{
            cursor.close();
        }
        System.out.println("person集合中的記錄數為----------->" + cursor.count());
        System.out.println("person集合數據格式化后的JSON串為-->" + JSON.serialize(cursor));
    }


    /**
     * 創建一個空的"moive"集合
     */
    @Test
    public void createCollection(){
        db.createCollection("movie", new BasicDBObject());
    }


    /**
     * 為"moive"集合添加文檔
     */
    @Test
    public void insertDocument(){
        DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();
        doc.put("name", "24");
        doc.put("season", "ninth");
        doc.put("score", 88);
        List<String> actorList = new ArrayList<String>();
        actorList.add("Jack Bauer");
        actorList.add("Counter Terrorist Unit");
        doc.put("actor", actorList);
        db.getCollection("movie").insert(doc);
    }


    /**
     * 批量插入文檔
     */
    @Test
    public void insertBatchDocument(){
        List<DBObject> docList = new ArrayList<DBObject>();
        DBObject doc11 = new BasicDBObject("name", "Prison Break").append("season", "fourth").append("score", 99);
        DBObject doc22 = new BasicDBObject("name", "Game of Thrones").append("season", "third").append("score", 92);
        docList.add(doc11);
        docList.add(doc22);
        db.getCollection("movie").insert(docList);
    }


    /**
     * 根據_id刪除數據
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteById(){
        WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").remove(new BasicDBObject("_id", new ObjectId("5374c6dc5030e0ea4dac8907")));
        System.out.println("本次操作影響的記錄條數為:" + result.getN());
    }


    /**
     * 根據條件刪除數據
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteByData(){
        DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();
        doc.put("name", "Prison Break");
        WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").remove(doc);
        System.out.println("本次操作影響的記錄條數為:" + result.getN());
    }


    /**
     * 更新數據
     * @see 增加email屬性
     */
    @Test
    public void update(){
        DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();
        doc.put("$set", new BasicDBObject("email", "Jadyer@yeah.net"));
        WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").update(new BasicDBObject(), doc, false, true);
        System.out.println("本次操作影響的記錄條數為:" + result.getN());
    }


    /**
     * 查詢"moive"集合中的key
     */
    @Test
    public void getKey(){
        DBObject keys = new BasicDBObject();
        keys.put("_id", false);
        keys.put("name", true);
        //keys.put("score", true);
        //第一個參數表示查詢條件,第二個參數表示返回的具體key
        DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(null, keys);
        try{
            while(cursor.hasNext()){
                DBObject object = cursor.next();
                System.out.println("查詢到的name=" + object.get("name") + ", score=" + object.get("score"));
            }
        }finally{
            cursor.close();
        }
    }


    /**
     * 查詢"moive"集合中分數不超過95的key
     */
    @Test
    public void getKeyUseScore(){
        DBObject ref = new BasicDBObject();
        ref.put("score", new BasicDBObject("$lte", 95));
        DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(ref, null);
        try{
            while(cursor.hasNext()){
                DBObject object = cursor.next();
                System.out.println("查詢到的name=" + object.get("name") + ", score=" + object.get("score"));
            }
        }finally{
            cursor.close();
        }
    }


    /**
     * 分頁查詢
     */
    @Test
    public void limitSkip(){
        DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(null, null);
        cursor.limit(0).skip(1);
        try{
            while(cursor.hasNext()){
                DBObject object = cursor.next();
                System.out.println("查詢到的name=" + object.get("name"));
            }
        }finally{
            cursor.close();
        }
    }
}