項目構建工具Maven

ymc4 9年前發布 | 22K 次閱讀 Maven 項目構建

Maven 是一個項目管理和構建自動化工具。但是對于我們程序員來說，我們最關心的是它的項目構建功能。所以這里我們介紹的就是怎樣用 maven 來滿足我們項目的日常需要。

Maven 使用慣例優于配置的原則。它要求在沒有定制之前，所有的項目都有如下的結構：

目錄	目的
${basedir}	存放 pom.xml和所有的子目錄
${basedir}/src/main/java	項目的 java源代碼
${basedir}/src/main/resources	項目的資源，比如說 property文件
${basedir}/src/test/java	項目的測試類，比如說 JUnit代碼
${basedir}/src/test/resources	測試使用的資源

Maven常用命令

mvn archetype：create 創建Maven項目
mvn compile 編譯源代碼
mvn deploy 發布項目
mvn test-compile 編譯測試源代碼
mvn test 運行應用程序中的單元測試
mvn site 生成項目相關信息的網站
mvn clean 清除項目目錄中的生成結果
mvn package 根據項目生成的jar
mvn install 在本地Repository中安裝jar
mvn eclipse:eclipse 生成eclipse項目文件
mvnjetty:run 啟動jetty服務
mvntomcat:run 啟動tomcat服務
mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true:清除以前的包后重新打包，跳過測試類

setting.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
 <localRepository>/home/clara/.m2/repository</localRepository>
 <servers>
  <server>
   <id>nexus</id>
   <username>${username}</username>
   <password>${password}</password>
  </server>
 </servers>
 <mirrors>
  <mirror>
   <id>nexus</id>
   <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
   <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
  </mirror>
 </mirrors>
 <profiles>
  <profile>
   <id>jdk6</id>
   <activation>
    <jdk>1.6</jdk>
   </activation>
   <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.6</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.6</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.6</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
   </properties>
  </profile>
 </profiles>
 <activeProfiles>
  <activeProfile>jdk6</activeProfile>
 </activeProfiles>
</settings>

#項目pom.xml
#增加以下配置,可以deploy到nexus's releases 或 snapshots 

 <distributionManagement>
  <repository>
   <id>nexus</id>
   <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url>
  </repository>
  <snapshotRepository>
   <id>nexus</id>
   <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
  </snapshotRepository>
 </distributionManagement>

#增加以下配置,可以deploy到nexus's 3rd party

<distributionManagement>
 <repository>
  <id>nexus</id>
  <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/thirdparty/</url>
 </repository>
</distributionManagement>

1.設置字符集

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

2.拷貝src/main/resources/資源文件

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy-resources</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-resources</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
                            <resources>
                                <resource>
                                    <directory>src/main/resources/</directory>
                                    <includes>
                                        <include>*.properties</include>
                                        <include>*.xml</include>
                                    </includes>
                                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                                </resource>
                            </resources>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>

3.編譯代碼

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>

4.編譯打包成jar文件

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>jar</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <classifier>without-configs</classifier>
                            <excludes>
                                <exclude>*.properties</exclude>
                                <exclude>*.xml</exclude>
                            </excludes>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>

5.構建測試用例配置

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.9</version>
                <configuration>
                    <skip>true</skip>
                    <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>

6.輸出依賴jar文件到指定目錄

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
                <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                        <pluginExecutions>
                            <pluginExecution>
                                <pluginExecutionFilter>
                                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                                    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                                    <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>
                                    <goals>
                                        <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                                        <goal>unpack</goal>
                                    </goals>
                                </pluginExecutionFilter>
                                <action>
                                    <ignore />
                                </action>
                            </pluginExecution>
                        </pluginExecutions>
                    </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.8</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>copy-dependencies</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
                        <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
                        <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
                        <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

7.配置指定的repository

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>cloudera</id>
        <url>https://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/</url>
    </repository>
</repositories>

8.將應用及其依賴jar文件打成一個jar文件

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <archive>
                    <manifest>
                        <mainClass>org.shirdrn.solr.cloud.index.hadoop.SolrCloudIndexer</mainClass>
                    </manifest>
                </archive>
                <descriptorRefs>
                    <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                </descriptorRefs>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>make-assembly</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>single</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

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Maven 項目構建