Jenkins+PMD構建自動化靜態代碼檢測
前言：軟件缺陷是不可避免的，要盡量減少錯誤并提高軟件質量，主要有兩在類技術，即缺陷預防和缺陷檢測
缺陷預防包括編寫更好的設計規范、實施代碼審核制度、運行代碼靜態分析工具、運行單元測試等
PMD是一種開源分析Java代碼的工具，通過靜態分析獲知代碼錯誤，該工具可以做到檢查Java代碼中是否含有未使用的變量、是否含有空的抓取塊、是否含有不必要的對象等等
因此Jenkins+PMD構建自動化靜態代碼檢測是很有必要的
PMD下載地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/pmd/
下載后解壓即可
PMD主要可以通過ant腳本來執行，編寫ant的build文件，這里新建的為如buildPMD.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project name="pmd" default="pmd" basedir="."> <property environment="env"> <property name="ExampleProject.location" value="../ExampleProject"> <!-- 定義pmd的classpath，均為下載的pmd包解壓后lib目錄下的jar包--> <path id="pmd.classpath"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/asm-3.2.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/jaxen-1.1.1.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/junit-4.4.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/pmd-5.0.4.jar"> <!-- <fileset dir="${basedir}/lib/"> <include name="**/*.jar"> --> </include></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></path> <target depends="pmd_html" name="pmd"> <taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath"> <!-- 定義代碼檢測規則，這里直接列出規則imports.xml和java-unusedcode規則，本例注釋了，使用下面一種在另一文件中定義規則集--> <!-- <pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode"> --> <!-- 定義PMD檢測規則所在的文件，規則集在pmdrule.xml文件中定義--> <pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8"> <!-- 輸出XML格式的報告--> <formatter type="html" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true"> <!-- 靜態代碼檢測ExampleProject工程下src目錄下的所有java文件--> <fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src"> <include name="**/*.java"> </include></fileset> </formatter></pmd> </taskdef></target> <target name="pmd_html"> <taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath"> <!-- <pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode"> --> <pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8"> <!-- 輸出HTML格式的報告--> <formatter type="xml" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true"> <fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src"> <include name="**/*.java"> </include></fileset> </formatter></pmd> </taskdef></target> </project>本文中定義了兩個target，分別生成了XML和HTML格式的報告，因為在Jenkins中的分析插件需要用XML格式才能生成視圖報告，而XML格式對于團隊來說不直觀，不宜發送郵件，因此生成兩份報告，一份用于Jenkins分析，一份發送郵件用于團隊成員直接查看
編寫好buildPMD.xml，直接使用ant -f buildPMD.xml即可在CMD命令或Linux shell下執行PMD靜態代碼檢測
在Jenkins中新建個任務，Build項Add build step中選擇“Execute Shell”，輸入ant -f buildPMD.xml即可
附：pmdrule.xml
[xml] view plaincopy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ruleset xmlns="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="pmdrule" xsi:schemalocation="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0 http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset_2_0_0.xsd"> <description>PMD Plugin preferences rule set</description> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AbstractClassWithoutAbstractMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AbstractClassWithoutAnyMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AbstractNaming"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AccessorClassGeneration"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AddEmptyString"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AppendCharacterWithChar"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/sunsecure.xml/ArrayIsStoredDirectly"> <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/AssignmentInOperand"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AssignmentInOperand"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AssignmentToNonFinalStatic"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AtLeastOneConstructor"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidAccessibilityAlteration"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AvoidArrayLoops"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/AvoidAssertAsIdentifier"> <rule ref="rulesets/xsl/xpath.xml/AvoidAxisNavigation"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidBranchingStatementAsLastInLoop"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/finalizers.xml/AvoidCallingFinalize"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingGenericException"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingNPE"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingThrowable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidConstantsInterface"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidDecimalLiteralsInBigDecimalConstructor"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidDollarSigns"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AvoidDuplicateLiterals"> <rule 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ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/PrematureDeclaration"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/PreserveStackTrace"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/clone.xml/ProperCloneImplementation"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/logging-jakarta-commons.xml/ProperLogger"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/RedundantFieldInitializer"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/j2ee.xml/RemoteInterfaceNamingConvention"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/j2ee.xml/RemoteSessionInterfaceNamingConvention"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/ReplaceEnumerationWithIterator"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/ReplaceHashtableWithMap"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/ReplaceVectorWithList"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/ReturnEmptyArrayRatherThanNull"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/ReturnFromFinallyBlock"> <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/ScopeForInVariable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/ShortClassName"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/ShortInstantiation"> <rule 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<rule ref="rulesets/java/imports.xml/UnusedImports"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml/UnusedLocalVariable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml/UnusedModifier"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UnusedNullCheckInEquals"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UnusedNullCheckInEquals"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml/UnusedPrivateField"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml/UnusedPrivateMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/UseArrayListInsteadOfVector"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/UseArraysAsList"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertEqualsInsteadOfAssertTrue"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertNullInsteadOfAssertTrue"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertSameInsteadOfAssertTrue"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertTrueInsteadOfAssertEquals"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseCollectionIsEmpty"> <rule ref="rulesets/xsl/xpath.xml/UseConcatOnce"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/UseConcurrentHashMap"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/logging-jakarta-commons.xml/UseCorrectExceptionLogging"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseEqualsToCompareStrings"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseIndexOfChar"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseLocaleWithCaseConversions"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseNotifyAllInsteadOfNotify"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/UseObjectForClearerAPI"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/j2ee.xml/UseProperClassLoader"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseSingleton"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/UseStringBufferForStringAppends"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseStringBufferLength"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseVarargs"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessOperationOnImmutable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessOperationOnImmutable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessOverridingMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessOverridingMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessParentheses"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessParentheses"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UselessStringValueOf"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/VariableNamingConventions"> <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/braces.xml/WhileLoopsMustUseBraces"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/braces.xml/WhileLoopsMustUseBraces"> </pre><br />關于PMD rulesets規則的意思可以查看：http://pmd.sourceforge.net/pmd-5.0.4/rules/index.html
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