Nginx + Tomcat + Ngx_cache_purge 實現高效反向代理
Nginx處理用戶請求的靜態頁面，tomcat處理用戶請求jsp頁面，來實現動態分離，前端nginx反向代理后端nginx+tomcat集群，實現負載均衡，這樣一來就能更好的提高并發，處理性能，并隱藏后端，提高安全
環境：
前端： Centos 192.168.0.211： nginx + Ngx_cache_purge
后端1： Centos 192.168.0.222： nginx + Tomcat
后端2： Centos 192.168.0.223：nginx + Tomcat
使用軟件：
Nginx： http://nginx.org/en/download.html
JDK： http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
Tomcat： http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi
首先配置后端Tomcat：
1，JDK 配置：
[root@Tomcat ~]# tar zxf jdk-8u40-linux-i586.tar.gz [root@Tomcat ~]# mv jdk1.8.0_40/ /usr/local/jdk [root@Tomcat ~]# vi /etc/profile JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib export JAVA_HOME PATHCLASSPATH [root@Tomcat ~]# source /etc/profile [root@Tomcat ~]# java -version #顯示版本說明成功 java version"1.8.0_40"
2，Tomcat 安裝
先創建普通用戶，用來運行tomcat，如遇權限問題，可以先關閉selinux
[root@Tomcat ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin tomcat [root@Tomcat ~]# passwd tomcat [root@Tomcat ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-8.0.21.tar.gz [root@Tomcat ~]# mv apache-tomcat-8.0.21 /usr/local/tomcat [root@Tomcat ~]# chown tomcat.tomcat -R /usr/local/tomcat [root@Tomcat ~]# su - tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh [root@Tomcat ~]# echo "su - tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh" >> /etc/rc.local #開機啟動
3, 安裝Nginx
[root@Tomcat ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin www [root@Tomcat ~]# yum install –y make zlib-devel openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel [root@Tomcat ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz [root@Tomcat ~]# cd nginx-1.4.4 [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# ulimit -SHn 51200 [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# make && make install [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# \cp -pa /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /etc/init.d/ [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# echo "ulimit -SHn 51200" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# echo "/etc/init.d/nginx" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local #開機啟動
4，主配置文件 nginx.conf
user www www; worker_processes 1; #跟服務器cpu一致就可以了，不要超過cpu的的內核個數，超過將會增加服務器負荷error_log logs/error.log;
error_log logs/error.log notice;
error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; }
http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; server_name_in_redirect off; client_max_body_size 10m; #允許客戶端請求的最大單文件字節數 client_body_buffer_size 128k; #緩沖區代理緩沖用戶端請求的最大字節數
sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on;
#keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 60; set_real_ip_from 192.168.0.0/24; #允許被信任ip段 real_ip_header X-Real-IP; #獲取前端訪問真實ip
gzip on; #開啟gzip壓縮 gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 3; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]."; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml image/jpeg image/gif image/png; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any;
proxy_redirect off; proxy_connect_timeout 300; #nginx跟Tomcat連接超時時間(代理連接超時) proxy_send_timeout 300; #連接成功后，后端服務響應時間(代理發送超時) proxy_read_timeout 300; #連接成功后，后端服務響應時間(代理接收超時) proxy_buffer_size 4k; #設置代理服務器（nginx）保存用戶頭信息的緩沖區大小 proxy_buffers 6 64k; #proxy_buffers緩沖區，網頁平均在64k以下的話，這樣設置 proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; #高負荷下緩沖大小（proxy_buffers*2） proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; #設定緩存文件夾大小 proxy_set_header Host $host; #后端的Web服務器可以通過X-Forwarded-For獲取用戶真實IP proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_min_uses 1; open_file_cache_valid 30s;
include vhost/*.conf; }</pre>
5, 配置站點文件： tomcat.conf
[root@Tomcat conf]# mkdir vhost [root@Tomcat conf]# cd vhost/ [root@Tomcat vhost]# vi tomcat.confupstream tomcat_server { server 192.168.0.222:8080; }server { listen 80; server_name 192.168.0.222; root /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/; #同tomcat一致 index index.html index.jsp index.php;
location ~ .*.jsp$ { proxy_next_upstream http_503 http_500 http_502 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_pass http://tomcat_server; }
這里使用的tomcat安裝環境，下面是為了登入tomcat管理
location ~ /manager/ { proxy_pass http://tomcat_server; }
location ~ /host-manager/ { proxy_pass http://tomcat_server; }
error_page 404 /404.html; error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; }</pre>
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上面的配置已經可以實現Nginx + Tomcat的動靜分離，另一臺Tomcat也是這樣配置，上面我并沒有對靜態文件進行Cache，這是有道理的， 我打算把靜態文件在前端進行cache
1，如果后端也進行cache， 更新文件的時候，后端和前端都要進行清除cache，這樣顯得麻煩
2，如果后端也進行cache，必要到靜態文件的location中添加proxy_pass代理tomcat，這樣卻達不到動靜分離，不添加proxy_pass, 卻不能使用purge命中清除cache，當然也可以些shell運行，手動清除
=======================
配置前端： Centos 192.168.0.211： nginx + Ngx_cache_purge
前端的nginx配置與后端差不多，主要是編譯安裝的時候添加cache模塊，基礎看后端安裝，不多介紹了
1，先解壓nginx 和 Ngx_cache_purge，主要不同是安裝的時候添加了ngx_cache_purge模塊
[root@Nginx-C opt]# tar zxf ngx_cache_purge-2.0.tar.gz [root@Nginx-C opt]# tar zxf nginx-1.4.3.tar.gz [root@Nginx-C opt]# cd nginx-1.4.3 [root@Nginx-C nginx-1.4.3]# ./configure --user=www --group=www --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.0 --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module [root@Nginx-C nginx-1.4.3]# make && make install2，配置主配置文件 nginx.conf
user www www; worker_processes 1;error_log logs/error.log;
error_log logs/error.log notice;
error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; }
http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; server_name_in_redirect off; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k;
sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on;
#keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 60;
gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 3; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]."; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml image/jpeg image/gif image/png; #添加圖片壓縮 gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any;
proxy_connect_timeout 300; proxy_send_timeout 300; proxy_read_timeout 300; proxy_buffer_size 64k; proxy_buffers 4 64k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #傳遞真實ip給后端 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_min_uses 1; open_file_cache_valid 30s;
proxy_cache_path /cache/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:100m inactive=1d max_size=30g; #100m和30G，按照服務要求，適當增大 proxy_temp_path /cache/proxy_temp;
include vhost/*.conf; }</pre>
3, 配置站點文件
upstream tomcat_server { server 192.168.0.222 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; #添加ip，不是tomcat的8080端口 server 192.168.0.223 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; }server { listen 80; server_name 192.168.0.211; index index.html index.jsp index.php;
location / { proxy_next_upstream http_503 http_500 http_502 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_cache cache_one; add_header Nginx-Cache "$upstream_cache_status"; proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args; proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ""; proxy_pass http://tomcat_server; proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h; proxy_cache_valid 301 302 1m; proxy_cache_valid any 1m; expires 1d; }
jsp,do文件不進行cache
location ~ .*.(jsp|do)$ { proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ""; #只添加了一個， 其他的都添加到主配置文件了，以后添加站點不用在重復寫 proxy_pass http://tomcat_server; }
location ~ /purge(/.*) { allow 127.0.0.1; allow 192.168.0.0/24; deny all; proxy_cache_purge cache_one $host$1$is_args$args; }
location /ngx_status { stub_status on; access_log off; allow 127.0.0.1; allow 192.168.0.0/24; #自己的ip地址 deny all; }
}</pre>
最后是性能測試
這里使用的是ab壓力測試工具，后面會介紹如何單獨安裝ab測試工具
1，前端
[root@Tomcat ~]# ab -c 1000 -n 4000 http://192.168.0.211/docs/security-howto.htmlRequests per second: 3304.24 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 302.642 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.303 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 110426.03 [Kbytes/sec] received</pre>
2，直接測試后端
[root@Nginx-C vhost]# ab -c 1000 -n 4000 http://192.168.0.222/docs/security-howto.htmlRequests per second: 3416.84 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 292.668 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.293 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 114681.80 [Kbytes/sec] received</pre>
3，直接測試tomcat
[root@Nginx-C vhost]# ab -c 1000 -n 4000 http://192.168.0.222:8080/docs/security-howto.htmlRequests per second: 1995.18 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 501.209 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.501 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 66449.32 [Kbytes/sec] received</pre>
前端的壓力測試比nginx+tomcat動靜分離要小點，但是實現了負載， 明顯要比tomcat單獨處理要強很多