Git Cheat Sheet

dfd7 9年前發布 | 10K 次閱讀 Git 版本控制系統

Configure
- git config –global user.name "[name]"
  - Sets the name you want attached to your commit transactions
  - git config –global user.email "[email address]"
    - Sets the email you want attached to your commit transactions
    - git config –global color.ui auto
      - Enables helpful colorization of command line output
      - git config –global push.default current
        
        Update a branch with the same name as current branch if no refspec is given
        </ul> </li>
        
        git config –global core.editor [editor]
        
        Which editor to use when commit and tag that lets you edit messages
        </ul> </li>
        
        git config –global diff.tool [tool]
        
        Specify which command to invoke as the specified tool for git difftool
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Create repositories
        
        git init [project-name]
        
        Creates a new local repository with the specified name
        </ul> </li>
        
        git clone [url]
        
        Downloads a project nd its entire version history
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Make changes
        
        git status
        
        Lists all new or modified files to be committed
        </ul> </li>
        
        git status -s
        
        Short view of status
        </ul> </li>
        
        git diff
        
        Shows file differences not yet staged
        </ul> </li>
        
        git add [file]
        
        Snapshots the file in preparation for versioning
        </ul> </li>
        
        git add .
        
        Add all modified files to be commited
        </ul> </li>
        
        git add '*.txt'
        
        Add only certain files
        </ul> </li>
        
        git add –patch filename.x (or -p for short)
        
        Snapshot only chunks of a file
        </ul> </li>
        
        git rm [file]
        
        Tell git not to track the file anymore
        </ul> </li>
        
        git diff –staged
        
        Show what has been added to the index via git add but not yet committed
        </ul> </li>
        
        git diff HEAD
        
        Shows what has changed since the last commit.
        </ul> </li>
        
        git diff HEAD^
        
        Shows what has changed since the commit before the latest commit
        </ul> </li>
        
        git diff [branch]
        
        Compare current branch to some other branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git difftool -d
        
        Same as diff, but opens changes via difftool that you have configured
        </ul> </li>
        
        git difftool -d master..
        
        See only changes made in the current branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git diff –no-commit-id –name-only –no-merges origin/master…
        
        See only the file names that has changed in current branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git diff –stat
        
        See statistics on what files have changed and how
        </ul> </li>
        
        git reset [file]
        
        Unstages the file, but preserves its contents
        </ul> </li>
        
        git commit
        
        Record changes to git. Default editor will open for a commit message
        </ul> </li>
        
        git commit -m "[descriptive message]"
        
        Records file snapshots permanently in version history
        </ul> </li>
        
        git commit –amend
        
        Changing the history, of the HEAD commit
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Group changes
        
        git branch
        
        Lists all local branches in the current directory
        </ul> </li>
        
        git branch [branch-name]
        
        Create a new branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git checkout [branch-name]
        
        Switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory
        </ul> </li>
        
        git checkout -b <name> <remote>/<branch>
        
        Switches to a remote branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git checkout [filename]
        
        Return file to it's previous version, if it hasn’t been staged yet
        </ul> </li>
        
        git merge [branch]
        
        Combines the specified branch's history into the current branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git merge –no–ff [branch]
        
        Merge branch without fast forwarding
        </ul> </li>
        
        git branch -a
        
        See the full list of local and remote branches
        </ul> </li>
        
        git branch -d [branch]
        
        Deletes the specified branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git branch -D [branch]
        
        Hard branch delete, will not complain
        </ul> </li>
        
        git branch -m <old_name> <new_name>
        
        Rename a branch
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Refactor filenames
        
        git rm [file]
        
        Deletes the file from the working directory and stages the deletion
        </ul> </li>
        
        git rm –cached [file]
        
        Removes the file from version control but preserves the file locally
        </ul> </li>
        
        git mv [file-original] [file-renamed]
        
        Changes the file name and prepares it for commit
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Suppress tracking
        
        .gitignore
        
        *.log
        
        build/
        
        temp-*
        
        A text file named .gitignore suppresses accidental versioning of files and paths matching the specified patterns
        </ul> </li>
        
        git ls-files –other –ignored –exclude-standard
        
        Lists all ignored files in this project
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Save fragments
        
        git stash
        
        Temporarily stores all modified tracked files
        </ul> </li>
        
        git stash pop
        
        Restores the most recently stashed files
        </ul> </li>
        
        git stash list
        
        Lists all stashed changesets
        </ul> </li>
        
        git stash drop
        
        Discards the most recently stashed changeset
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Review history
        
        git log
        
        Lists version history for the current branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git log –follow [file]
        
        Lists version history for a file, including renames
        </ul> </li>
        
        git log –pretty=format:"%h %s" –graph
        
        Pretty commit view, you can customize it as much as you want
        </ul> </li>
        
        git log –author='Name' –after={1.week.ago} –pretty=oneline –abbrev-commit
        
        See what the author has worked on in the last week
        </ul> </li>
        
        git log –no-merges master..
        
        See only changes in this branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git diff [file-branch]…[second-branch]
        
        Shows content differences between two branches
        </ul> </li>
        
        git show [commit]
        
        Outputs metadata and content changes of the specified commit
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Redo commits
        
        git reset
        
        Unstage pending changes, the changes will still remain on file system
        </ul> </li>
        
        git reset [commit/tag]
        
        Undoes all commits after [commit], preserving changes locally
        </ul> </li>
        
        git reset –hard [commit]
        
        Discards all history and changes back to the specified commit
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li>
        
        Synchronize changes
        
        git fetch [bookmark]
        
        Downloads all history from the repository bookmark
        </ul> </li>
        
        git fetch -p
        
        Update history of remote branches, you can fetch and purge
        </ul> </li>
        
        git merge [bookmark]/[branch]
        
        Combines bookmark's branch into current local branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git push
        
        Push current branch to remote branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git push [remote] [branch]
        
        Manually specify remote and branch to use every time
        </ul> </li>
        
        git push -u origin master
        
        If a remote branch is not set up as an upstream, you can make it so
        </ul> </li>
        
        git pull
        
        Downloads bookmark history and incorporates changes
        </ul> </li>
        
        git pull [remote] [branch]
        
        Specify to pull a specific branch
        </ul> </li>
        
        git remote
        
        See list of remote repos available
        </ul> </li>
        
        git remote -v
        
        Detailed view of remote repos available
        </ul> </li>
        
        git remote add [remote] [url]
        
        Add a new remote
        </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </span>

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