Android WebView 上傳文件支持全解析

jopen 9年前發布 | 11K 次閱讀 WebView Android開發 移動開發

默認情況下情況下,使用Android的WebView是不能夠支持上傳文件的。而這個,也是在我們的前端工程師告知之后才了解的。因為 Android的每個版本WebView的實現有差異,因此需要對不同版本去適配。花了一點時間,參考別人的代碼,這個問題已經解決,這里把我踩過的坑分享出來。

主要思路是重寫WebChromeClient,然后在WebViewActivity中接收選擇到的文件Uri,傳給頁面去上傳就可以了。

創建一個WebViewActivity的內部類

public class XHSWebChromeClient extends WebChromeClient {

// For Android 3.0+
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg) {
    CLog.i("UPFILE", "in openFile Uri Callback");
    if (mUploadMessage != null) {
        mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);
    }
    mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
    Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
    i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
    i.setType("*/*");
    startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"), FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE);
}

// For Android 3.0+
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback uploadMsg, String acceptType) {
    CLog.i("UPFILE", "in openFile Uri Callback has accept Type" + acceptType);
    if (mUploadMessage != null) {
        mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);
    }
    mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
    Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
    i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
    String type = TextUtils.isEmpty(acceptType) ? "*/*" : acceptType;
    i.setType(type);
    startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"),
            FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE);
}

// For Android 4.1
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg, String acceptType, String capture) {
    CLog.i("UPFILE", "in openFile Uri Callback has accept Type" + acceptType + "has capture" + capture);
    if (mUploadMessage != null) {
        mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);
    }
    mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
    Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
    i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
    String type = TextUtils.isEmpty(acceptType) ? "*/*" : acceptType;
    i.setType(type);
    startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"), FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE);
}


//Android 5.0+ @Override @SuppressLint("NewApi") public boolean onShowFileChooser(WebView webView, ValueCallback<Uri[]> filePathCallback, FileChooserParams fileChooserParams) { if (mUploadMessage != null) { mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null); } CLog.i("UPFILE", "file chooser params:" + fileChooserParams.toString()); mUploadMessage = filePathCallback; Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE); if (fileChooserParams != null && fileChooserParams.getAcceptTypes() != null && fileChooserParams.getAcceptTypes().length > 0) { i.setType(fileChooserParams.getAcceptTypes()[0]); } else { i.setType("/"); } startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"), FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE); return true; } }</pre>

上面openFileChooser是系統未暴露的接口,因此不需要加Override的注解,同時不同版本有不同的參數,其中的參數,第一個 ValueCallback用于我們在選擇完文件后,接收文件回調到網頁內處理,acceptType為接受的文件mime type。在Android 5.0之后,系統提供了onShowFileChooser來讓我們實現選擇文件的方法,仍然有ValueCallback,在 FileChooserParams參數中,同樣包括acceptType。我們可以根據acceptType,來打開系統的或者我們自己創建文件選擇器。當然如果需要打開相機拍照,也可以自己去使用打開相機拍照的Intent去打開即可。

處理選擇的文件

以上是打開響應的選擇文件的界面,我們還需要處理接收到文件之后,傳給網頁來響應。因為我們前面是使用startActivityForResult來打開的選擇頁面,我們會在onActivityResult中接收到選擇的結果。Show code:

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if (requestCode == FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE) {
        if (null == mUploadMessage) return;
        Uri result = data == null || resultCode != RESULT_OK ? null : data.getData();
        if (result == null) {
            mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);
            mUploadMessage = null;
            return;
        }
        CLog.i("UPFILE", "onActivityResult" + result.toString());
        String path =  FileUtils.getPath(this, result);
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
            mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);
            mUploadMessage = null;
            return;
        }
        Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(path));
        CLog.i("UPFILE", "onActivityResult after parser uri:" + uri.toString());
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
            mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(new Uri[]{uri});
        } else {
            mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(uri);
        }

    mUploadMessage = null;
}

}</pre>

以上代碼主要就是調用ValueCallback的onReceiveValue方法,將結果傳回web。

注意,其他要說的,重要

由于不同版本的差別,Android 5.0以下的版本,ValueCallback 的onReceiveValue接收的參數類型是Uri, 5.0及以上版本接收的是Uri數組,在傳值的時候需要注意。

選擇文件會使用系統提供的組件或者其他支持的app,返回的uri有的直接是文件的url,有的是contentprovider的uri,因此我們需要統一處理一下,轉成文件的uri,可參考以下代碼(獲取文件的路徑)。

調用getPath可以將Uri轉成真實文件的Path,然后可以自己生成文件的Uri

public class FileUtils {
    /**

 * @param uri The Uri to check.
 * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
 */
public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

/**
 * @param uri The Uri to check.
 * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
 */
public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

/**
 * @param uri The Uri to check.
 * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
 */
public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

/**
 * Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
 * MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
 *
 * @param context The context.
 * @param uri The Uri to query.
 * @param selection (Optional) Filter used in the query.
 * @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
 * @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
 */
public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
                                   String[] selectionArgs) {

    Cursor cursor = null;
    final String column = "_data";
    final String[] projection = {
            column
    };

    try {
        cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                null);
        if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
            return cursor.getString(column_index);
        }
    } finally {
        if (cursor != null)
            cursor.close();
    }
    return null;
}

/**
 * Get a file path from a Uri. This will get the the path for Storage Access
 * Framework Documents, as well as the _data field for the MediaStore and
 * other file-based ContentProviders.
 *
 * @param context The context.
 * @param uri The Uri to query.
 * @author paulburke
 */
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {

    final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;

    // DocumentProvider
    if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
        // ExternalStorageProvider
        if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
            final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            final String[] split = docId.split(":");
            final String type = split[0];

            if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
            }

            // TODO handle non-primary volumes
        }
        // DownloadsProvider
        else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {

            final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                    Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));

            return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
        }
        // MediaProvider
        else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
            final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            final String[] split = docId.split(":");
            final String type = split[0];

            Uri contentUri = null;
            if ("image".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            }

            final String selection = "_id=?";
            final String[] selectionArgs = new String[] {
                    split[1]
            };

            return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
        }
    }
    // MediaStore (and general)
    else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
        return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
    }
    // File
    else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
        return uri.getPath();
    }

    return null;
}

}</pre>

再有,即使獲取的結果為null,也要傳給web,即直接調用mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null),否則網頁會阻塞。

最后,在打release包的時候,因為我們會混淆,要特別設置不要混淆WebChromeClient子類里面的openFileChooser方法,由于不是繼承的方法,所以默認會被混淆,然后就無法選擇文件了。

就這樣吧。

原文地址:http://blog.isming.me/2015/12/21/android-webview-upload-file/,轉載請注明出處。

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