dubbo 的使用
Dubbo是[3] 阿里巴巴公司開源的一個高性能優秀的服務框架,使得應用可通過高性能的 RPC 實現服務的輸
出和輸入功能,可以和 [4] Spring框架無縫集成。
主要核心部件
Remoting: 網絡通信框架,實現了 sync-over-async 和 request-response 消息機制.
RPC: 一個遠程過程調用的抽象,支持負載均衡、容災和集群功能
Registry: 服務目錄框架用于服務的注冊和服務事件發布和訂閱
工作原理
Provider
暴露服務方稱之為“服務提供者”。
Consumer
調用遠程服務方稱之為“服務消費者”。
Registry
服務注冊與發現的中心目錄服務稱之為“服務注冊中心”。
Monitor
統計服務的調用次數和調用時間的日志服務稱之為“服務監控中心”。
(1) 連通性:
注冊中心負責服務地址的注冊與查找,相當于目錄服務,服務提供者和消費者只在啟動時與注冊中心交互,注冊中心不轉發請求,壓力較小
監控中心負責統計各服務調用次數,調用時間等,統計先在內存匯總后每分鐘一次發送到監控中心服務器,并以報表展示
服務提供者向注冊中心注冊其提供的服務,并匯報調用時間到監控中心,此時間不包含網絡開銷
服務消費者向注冊中心獲取服務提供者地址列表,并根據負載算法直接調用提供者,同時匯報調用時間到監控中心,此時間包含網絡開銷
注冊中心,服務提供者,服務消費者三者之間均為長連接,監控中心除外
注冊中心通過長連接感知服務提供者的存在,服務提供者宕機,注冊中心將立即推送事件通知消費者
注冊中心和監控中心全部宕機,不影響已運行的提供者和消費者,消費者在本地緩存了提供者列表
注冊中心和監控中心都是可選的,服務消費者可以直連服務提供者
(2) 健狀性:
監控中心宕掉不影響使用,只是丟失部分采樣數據
數據庫宕掉后,注冊中心仍能通過緩存提供服務列表查詢,但不能注冊新服務
注冊中心對等集群,任意一臺宕掉后,將自動切換到另一臺
注冊中心全部宕掉后,服務提供者和服務消費者仍能通過本地緩存通訊
服務提供者無狀態,任意一臺宕掉后,不影響使用
服務提供者全部宕掉后,服務消費者應用將無法使用,并無限次重連等待服務提供者恢復
(3) 伸縮性:
注冊中心為對等集群,可動態增加機器部署實例,所有客戶端將自動發現新的注冊中心
服務提供者無狀態,可動態增加機器部署實例,注冊中心將推送新的服務提供者信息給消費者
以下是需要的ZooKeeper 安裝,和管理頁面的安裝,測試的提供者和消費者。
所需的文件下載地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/liuc0317/8314333
1. 我在windows 下安裝的zooKeeper ,所下載的文件 zookeeper-3.3.6.tar.gz 解壓到一個文件夾下。如圖
目錄如圖:
進入conf 修改配置文件 zoo.cfg
# The number of milliseconds of each tick 心跳間隔 毫秒每次 tickTime=2000 # The number of ticks that the initial # synchronization phase can take initLimit=10 # The number of ticks that can pass between # sending a request and getting anacknowledgement syncLimit=5 # the directory where the snapshot isstored. //鏡像數據位置 dataDir=D:\\data\\zookeeper #日志位置 dataLogDir=D:\\logs\\zookeeper # the port at which the clients willconnect 客戶端連接的端口 clientPort=2181
修改了配置文件dataLogDir 的配置,這個配置地址需要人為的去創建,要不然會報錯。這樣,配置就基本完成了。
第二步:進入bin 目錄,然后在 dos 下運行。
這樣 zookeeper 就啟動了,同時可以使用zookeeper 自帶的客戶端查看一下。如圖:
編寫服務的提供者和消費者 如圖:
DemoService.java
package com.unj.dubbotest.provider; import java.util.List; public interface DemoService { String sayHello(String name); public List getUsers(); }
DemoServiceImp.java
package com.unj.dubbotest.provider.impl; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService; public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService { public String sayHello(String name) { return "Hello " + name; } public List getUsers() { List list = new ArrayList(); User u1 = new User(); u1.setName("jack"); u1.setAge(20); u1.setSex("m"); User u2 = new User(); u2.setName("tom"); u2.setAge(21); u2.setSex("m"); User u3 = new User(); u3.setName("rose"); u3.setAge(19); u3.setSex("w"); list.add(u1); list.add(u2); list.add(u3); return list; } }
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd "> <!-- 具體的實現bean --> <bean id="demoService" class="com.unj.dubbotest.provider.impl.DemoServiceImpl" /> <!-- 提供方應用信息,用于計算依賴關系 --> <dubbo:application name="xixi_provider" /> <!-- 使用multicast廣播注冊中心暴露服務地址 <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" /> --> <!-- 使用zookeeper注冊中心暴露服務地址 --> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://10.20.5.106:2181" /> <!-- 用dubbo協議在20880端口暴露服務 --> <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" /> <!-- 聲明需要暴露的服務接口 --> <dubbo:service interface="com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService" ref="demoService" /> </beans>
Provider.java
package com.unj.dubbotest.provider.impl; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Provider { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" }); context.start(); System.in.read(); // 為保證服務一直開著,利用輸入流的阻塞來模擬 } }
運行main 方法:日志如下:
2014-12-30 15:45:46,349 INFO [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext] - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@dd87b2: display name [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@dd87b2]; startup date [Tue Dec 30 15:45:46 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy 2014-12-30 15:45:46,410 INFO [org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader] - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml] 2014-12-30 15:45:46,554 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.common.logger.LoggerFactory] - using logger: com.alibaba.dubbo.common.logger.log4j.Log4jLoggerAdapter 2014-12-30 15:45:46,585 INFO [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext] - Bean factory for application context [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@dd87b2]: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1319c 2014-12-30 15:45:46,831 INFO [org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory] - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1319c: defining beans [demoService,xixi_provider,com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig,dubbo, com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService]; root of factory hierarchy 2014-12-30 15:45:46,834 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig] - [DUBBO] The service ready on spring started. service: com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1 2014-12-30 15:45:46,992 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig] - [DUBBO] Export dubbo service com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService to local registry, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1 2014-12-30 15:45:46,992 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig] - [DUBBO] Export dubbo service com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService to url dubbo://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application =xixi_provider&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods =sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1 2014-12-30 15:45:46,992 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig] - [DUBBO] Register dubbo service com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService url dubbo://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost =true&application=xixi_provider&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods =sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891 to registry registry://10.20.5.106:2181/com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.RegistryService?application =xixi_provider&dubbo=2.5.2&pid=12192®istry=zookeeper×tamp=1419925546845, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1 2014-12-30 15:45:47,161 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.transport.AbstractServer] - [DUBBO] Start NettyServer bind /0.0.0.0:20880, export /10.20.5.106:20880, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1 2014-12-30 15:45:47,183 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry] - [DUBBO] Load registry store file C:\Users\lenovo\.dubbo\dubbo-registry-10.20.5.106.cache, data: {com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService =empty://10.20.5.106/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?application =hehe_consumer&category=providers&dubbo =2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods =sayHello,getUsers&pid=21892&side=consumer×tamp =1419925451328 empty://10.20.5.106/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?application =hehe_consumer&category=configurators&dubbo=2.5.2&interface =com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid =21892&side=consumer×tamp =1419925451328 empty://10.20.5.106/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?application =hehe_consumer&category=routers&dubbo =2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods =sayHello,getUsers&pid=21892&side =consumer×tamp=1419925451328}, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1 2014-12-30 15:45:47,198 INFO [org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkEventThread] - Starting ZkClient event thread. 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.5-1392090, built on 09/30/2012 17:52 GMT 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:host.name=10.20.5.106 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.version=1.6.0_30 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.vendor=Sun Microsystems Inc. 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.home=D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\JDK\Java_JDK1.6_32bit\Java\jdk1.6.0_30\jre 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.class.path =C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\classes; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\commons-lang-2.3.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\commons-logging-1.1.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\commons-logging-api-1.1.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-2.5.2.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-admin-2.5.2-sources.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-demo-consumer-2.5.2-sources.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-demo-provider-2.5.2-sources.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\dubbo-registry-simple-2.5.2-sources.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\javassist-3.4.GA.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\jline-0.9.94.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\netty-3.2.2.Final.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\netty-3.2.5.Final.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-aop.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-beans.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-context-support.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-context.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-core.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-jdbc.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-jms.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-orm.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-test.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-tx.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-web.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-webmvc-portlet.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-webmvc-struts.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring-webmvc.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\spring.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\zkclient-0.1.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\zookeeper-3.4.5.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\log4j-1.2.12.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar; C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider\WebRoot\WEB-INF\lib\slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.library.path=D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\JDK\Java_JDK1.6_32bit\Java\jdk1.6.0_30\bin; C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows; C:/Program Files (x86)/Java/jre7/bin/client; C:/Program Files (x86)/Java/jre7/bin;C:/Program Files (x86)/Java/jre7/lib/i386; C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\Program Files\Intel\iCLS Client\; C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem; C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\OpenCL SDK\3.0\bin\x86; C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\OpenCL SDK\3.0\bin\x64; C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL; C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT; C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL; C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT; D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\JDK\Java_JDK1.6_32bit\Java\jdk1.6.0_30\bin; D:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin; D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\Maven\apache-maven-3.1.1_20140127\apache-maven-3.1.1\bin; C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenV*N\bin;D:\soft\UCFSOFTDOC\soft\IDE\eclipse_JAVAEE;;. 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=C:\Users\lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\ 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:java.compiler=<NA> 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:os.name=Windows 7 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:os.arch=x86 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:os.version=6.1 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:user.name=lenovo 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:user.home=C:\Users\lenovo 2014-12-30 15:45:47,217 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Client environment:user.dir= C:\Users\lenovo\Downloads\provider\dubboprovider 2014-12-30 15:45:47,218 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper] - Initiating client connection, connectString=10.20.5.106:2181 sessionTimeout =30000 watcher=org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient@2acc57 2014-12-30 15:45:47,239 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn] - Opening socket connection to server 10.20.5.106/10.20.5.106:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (無法定位登錄配置) 2014-12-30 15:45:47,240 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn] - Socket connection established to 10.20.5.106/10.20.5.106:2181, initiating session 2014-12-30 15:45:47,306 WARN [org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxnSocket] - Connected to an old server; r-o mode will be unavailable 2014-12-30 15:45:47,306 INFO [org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn] - Session establishment complete on server 10.20.5.106/10.20.5.106:2181, sessionid = 0x14a9a27ba100000, negotiated timeout = 30000 2014-12-30 15:45:47,309 INFO [org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient] - zookeeper state changed (SyncConnected) 2014-12-30 15:45:47,312 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry] - [DUBBO] Register: dubbo://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application =xixi_provider&dubbo=2.5.2&interface=com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods =sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1 2014-12-30 15:45:47,446 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry] - [DUBBO] Subscribe: provider://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost=true&application =xixi_provider&category=configurators?=false&dubbo=2.5.2&interface =com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid =12192&side=provider×tamp=1419925546891, dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1 2014-12-30 15:45:47,559 INFO [com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry] - [DUBBO] Notify urls for subscribe url provider://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost =true&application=xixi_provider&category=configurators?=false&dubbo=2.5.2&interface =com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side =provider×tamp=1419925546891, urls: [empty://10.20.5.106:20880/com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService?anyhost =true&application=xixi_provider&category=configurators?=false&dubbo=2.5.2&interface =com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService&methods=sayHello,getUsers&pid=12192&side =provider×tamp=1419925546891], dubbo version: 2.5.2, current host: 127.0.0.1
這樣 就在 zookeeper 的控制頁面中就會查詢到 此服務 如圖:
編寫服務的消費者 項目如圖:
DemoService.java 這個 服務提供者 提供的服務類,在實際開發中,需要提供者把這個類,打成一個jar 包提供給調用者。
package com.unj.dubbotest.provider; import java.util.List; public interface DemoService { String sayHello(String name); public List getUsers(); }
Consumer.java
package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.pp; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService; public class Consumer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" }); context.start(); DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService"); String hello = demoService.sayHello("tom"); System.out.println(hello); List list = demoService.getUsers(); if (list != null && list.size() > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { System.out.println(list.get(i)); } } System.in.read(); } }
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd "> <!-- 消費方應用名,用于計算依賴關系,不是匹配條件,不要與提供方一樣 --> <dubbo:application name="hehe_consumer" /> <!-- 使用zookeeper注冊中心暴露服務地址 --> <!-- <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" /> --> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://10.20.5.106:2181" /> <!-- 生成遠程服務代理,可以像使用本地bean一樣使用demoService --> <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService" /> </beans>
運行的結果:
這樣就調用完了。