如何在數據庫事務提交成功后進行異步操作
問題
業務場景
業務需求上經常會有一些邊緣操作,比如主流程操作A:用戶報名課程操作入庫,邊緣操作B:發送郵件或短信通知。
業務要求
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操作A操作數據庫失敗后,事務回滾,那么操作B不能執行。
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操作A執行成功后,操作B也必須執行成功
如何實現
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普通的執行A,之后執行B,是可以滿足要求1,對于要求2通常需要設計補償的操作
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一般邊緣的操作,通常會設置成為異步的,以提升性能,比如發送MQ,業務系統負責事務成功后消息發送成功,然后接收系統負責保證通知成功完成
本文內容
如何在spring事務提交之后進行異步操作,這些異步操作必須得在該事務成功提交后才執行,回滾則不執行。
要點
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如何在spring事務提交之后操作
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如何把操作異步化
實現方案
使用TransactionSynchronizationManager在事務提交之后操作
public void insert(TechBook techBook){ bookMapper.insert(techBook); // send after tx commit but is async TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new TransactionSynchronizationAdapter() { @Override public void afterCommit() { System.out.println("send email after transaction commit..."); } } ); ThreadLocalRandom random = ThreadLocalRandom.current(); if(random.nextInt() % 2 ==0){ throw new RuntimeException("test email transaction"); } System.out.println("service end"); }
該方法就可以實現在事務提交之后進行操作
操作異步化
使用mq或線程池來進行異步,比如使用線程池:
private final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); public void insert(TechBook techBook){ bookMapper.insert(techBook); // send after tx commit but is async TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new TransactionSynchronizationAdapter() { @Override public void afterCommit() { executorService.submit(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("send email after transaction commit..."); try { Thread.sleep(10*1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("complete send email after transaction commit..."); } }); } } ); // async work but tx not work, execute even when tx is rollback // asyncService.executeAfterTxComplete(); ThreadLocalRandom random = ThreadLocalRandom.current(); if(random.nextInt() % 2 ==0){ throw new RuntimeException("test email transaction"); } System.out.println("service end"); }
封裝以上兩步
對于第二步來說,如果這類方法比較多的話,則寫起來重復性太多,因而,抽象出來如下:
這里改造了 azagorneanu 的代碼:
public interface AfterCommitExecutor extends Executor { } import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationAdapter; import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; @Component public class AfterCommitExecutorImpl extends TransactionSynchronizationAdapter implements AfterCommitExecutor { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AfterCommitExecutorImpl.class); private static final ThreadLocal<List<Runnable>> RUNNABLES = new ThreadLocal<List<Runnable>>(); private ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); @Override public void execute(Runnable runnable) { LOGGER.info("Submitting new runnable {} to run after commit", runnable); if (!TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) { LOGGER.info("Transaction synchronization is NOT ACTIVE. Executing right now runnable {}", runnable); runnable.run(); return; } List<Runnable> threadRunnables = RUNNABLES.get(); if (threadRunnables == null) { threadRunnables = new ArrayList<Runnable>(); RUNNABLES.set(threadRunnables); TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(this); } threadRunnables.add(runnable); } @Override public void afterCommit() { List<Runnable> threadRunnables = RUNNABLES.get(); LOGGER.info("Transaction successfully committed, executing {} runnables", threadRunnables.size()); for (int i = 0; i < threadRunnables.size(); i++) { Runnable runnable = threadRunnables.get(i); LOGGER.info("Executing runnable {}", runnable); try { threadPool.execute(runnable); } catch (RuntimeException e) { LOGGER.error("Failed to execute runnable " + runnable, e); } } } @Override public void afterCompletion(int status) { LOGGER.info("Transaction completed with status {}", status == STATUS_COMMITTED ? "COMMITTED" : "ROLLED_BACK"); RUNNABLES.remove(); } } public void insert(TechBook techBook){ bookMapper.insert(techBook); // send after tx commit but is async // TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new TransactionSynchronizationAdapter() { // @Override // public void afterCommit() { // executorService.submit(new Runnable() { // @Override // public void run() { // System.out.println("send email after transaction commit..."); // try { // Thread.sleep(10*1000); // } catch (InterruptedException e) { // e.printStackTrace(); // } // System.out.println("complete send email after transaction commit..."); // } // }); // } // } // ); //send after tx commit and is async afterCommitExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(5*1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("send email after transactioin commit"); } }); // async work but tx not work, execute even when tx is rollback // asyncService.executeAfterTxComplete(); ThreadLocalRandom random = ThreadLocalRandom.current(); if(random.nextInt() % 2 ==0){ throw new RuntimeException("test email transaction"); } System.out.println("service end"); }
關于Spring的Async
spring為了方便應用使用線程池進行異步化,默認提供了@Async注解,可以整個app使用該線程池,而且只要一個@Async注解在方法上面即可,省去重復的submit操作。關于async要注意的幾點:
1、async的配置
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yami" /> <!--配置@Async注解使用的線程池,這里的id隨便命名,最后在task:annotation-driven executor= 指定上就可以--> <task:executor id="myExecutor" pool-size="5"/> <task:annotation-driven executor="myExecutor" />
這個必須配置在root context里頭,而且web context不能掃描controller層外的注解,否則會覆蓋掉。
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yami.web.controller"/> <mvc:annotation-driven/>
2、async的調用問題
async方法的調用,不能由同類方法內部調用,否則攔截不生效,這是spring默認的攔截問題,必須在其他類里頭調用另一個類中帶有async的注解方法,才能起到異步效果。
3、事務問題
async方法如果也開始事務的話,要注意事務傳播以及事務開銷的問題。而且在async方法里頭使用如上的TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization不起作用,值得注意。
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