python編寫的最短路徑算法
原文出處: 初行
一心想學習算法,很少去真正靜下心來去研究,前幾天趁著周末去了解了最短路徑的資料,用python寫了一個最短路徑算法。算法是基于帶權無向圖去尋找兩個點之間的最短路徑,數據存儲用鄰接矩陣記錄。首先畫出一幅無向圖如下,標出各個節點之間的權值。
一心想學習算法,很少去真正靜下心來去研究,前幾天趁著周末去了解了最短路徑的資料,用python寫了一個最短路徑算法。算法是基于帶權無向圖去尋找兩個點之間的最短路徑,數據存儲用鄰接矩陣記錄。首先畫出一幅無向圖如下,標出各個節點之間的權值。

其中對應索引:
A ——> 0
B——> 1
C——> 2
D——>3
E——> 4
F——> 5
G——> 6
鄰接矩陣表示無向圖:

算法思想是通過Dijkstra算法結合自身想法實現的。大致思路是:從起始點開始,搜索周圍的路徑,記錄每個點到起始點的權值存到已標記權值節點字典A,將起始點存入已遍歷列表B,然后再遍歷已標記權值節點字典A,搜索節點周圍的路徑,如果周圍節點存在于表B,比較累加權值,新權值小于已有權值則更新權值和來源節點,否則什么都不做;如果不存在與表B,則添加節點和權值和來源節點到表A,直到搜索到終點則結束。
這時最短路徑存在于表A中,得到終點的權值和來源路徑,向上遞推到起始點,即可得到最短路徑,下面是代碼:
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
class DijkstraExtendPath ( ) :
def __init__ ( self , node_map ) :
self . node_map = node_map
self . node_length = len ( node_map )
self . used_node_list = [ ]
self . collected_node_dict = { }
def __call__ ( self , from_node , to_node ) :
self . from_node = from_node
self . to_node = to_node
self . _init_dijkstra ( )
return self . _format_path ( )
def _init_dijkstra ( self ) :
self . used_node_list . append ( self . from_node )
self . collected_node_dict [ self . from_node ] = [ 0 , - 1 ]
for index1 , node1 in enumerate ( self . node_map [ self . from_node ] ) :
if node1 :
self . collected_node_dict [ index1 ] = [ node1 , self . from_node ]
self . _foreach_dijkstra ( )
def _foreach_dijkstra ( self ) :
if len ( self . used_node_list ) == self . node_length - 1 :
return
for key , val in self . collected_node_dict . items ( ) : # 遍歷已有權值節點
if key not in self . used_node_list and key != to_node :
self . used_node_list . append ( key )
else :
continue
for index1 , node1 in enumerate ( self . node_map [ key ] ) : # 對節點進行遍歷
# 如果節點在權值節點中并且權值大于新權值
if node1 and index1 in self . collected_node_dict and self . collected_node_dict [ index1 ] [ 0 ] > node1 + val [ 0 ] :
self . collected_node_dict [ index1 ] [ 0 ] = node1 + val [ 0 ] # 更新權值
self . collected_node_dict [ index1 ] [ 1 ] = key
elif node1 and index1 not in self . collected_node_dict :
self . collected_node_dict [ index1 ] = [ node1 + val [ 0 ] , key ]
self . _foreach_dijkstra ( )
def _format_path ( self ) :
node_list = [ ]
temp_node = self . to_node
node_list . append ( ( temp_node , self . collected_node_dict [ temp_node ] [ 0 ] ) )
while self . collected_node_dict [ temp_node ] [ 1 ] != - 1 :
temp_node = self . collected_node_dict [ temp_node ] [ 1 ]
node_list . append ( ( temp_node , self . collected_node_dict [ temp_node ] [ 0 ] ) )
node_list . reverse ( )
return node_list
def set_node_map ( node_map , node , node_list ) :
for x , y , val in node_list :
node_map [ node . index ( x ) ] [ node . index ( y ) ] = node_map [ node . index ( y ) ] [ node . index ( x ) ] = val
if __name__ == "__main__" :
node = [ 'A' , 'B' , 'C' , 'D' , 'E' , 'F' , 'G' ]
node_list = [ ( 'A' , 'F' , 9 ) , ( 'A' , 'B' , 10 ) , ( 'A' , 'G' , 15 ) , ( 'B' , 'F' , 2 ) ,
( 'G' , 'F' , 3 ) , ( 'G' , 'E' , 12 ) , ( 'G' , 'C' , 10 ) , ( 'C' , 'E' , 1 ) ,
( 'E' , 'D' , 7 ) ]
node_map = [ [ 0 for val in xrange ( len ( node ) ) ] for val in xrange ( len ( node ) ) ]
set_node_map ( node_map , node , node_list )
# A -->; D
from_node = node . index ( 'A' )
to_node = node . index ( 'D' )
dijkstrapath = DijkstraPath ( node_map )
path = dijkstrapath ( from_node , to_node )
print path
運行結果:
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再來一例:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import itertools
import re
import math
def combination ( lst ) : # 全排序
lists = [ ]
liter = itertools . permutations ( lst )
for lts in list ( liter ) :
lt = '' . join ( lts )
lists . append ( lt )
return lists
def coord ( lst ) : # 坐標輸入
coordinates = dict ( )
print u '請輸入坐標:(格式為A:7 17)'
p = re . compile ( r "d+" )
for char in lst :
str = raw_input ( char + ':' )
dot = p . findall ( str )
coordinates [ char ] = [ dot [ 0 ] , dot [ 1 ] ]
print coordinates
return coordinates
def repeat ( lst ) : # 刪除重復組合
for ilist in lst :
for k in xrange ( len ( ilist ) ) :
st = ( ilist [ k : ] , ilist [ : k ] )
strs = '' . join ( st )
for jlist in lst :
if ( cmp ( strs , jlist ) == 0 ) :
lst . remove ( jlist )
for k in xrange ( len ( ilist ) ) :
st = ( ilist [ k : ] , ilist [ : k ] )
strs = '' . join ( st )
for jlist in lst :
if ( cmp ( strs [ :: - 1 ] , jlist ) == 0 ) :
lst . remove ( jlist )
lst . append ( ilist )
print lst
return lst
def count ( lst , coordinates ) : # 計算各路徑
way = dict ( )
for str in lst :
str = str + str [ : 1 ]
length = 0
for i in range ( len ( str ) - 1 ) :
x = abs ( float ( coordinates [ str [ i ] ] [ 0 ] ) -
float ( coordinates [ str [ i + 1 ] ] [ 0 ] ) )
y = abs ( float ( coordinates [ str [ i ] ] [ 1 ] ) -
float ( coordinates [ str [ i + 1 ] ] [ 1 ] ) )
length += math . sqrt ( x * * 2 + y * * 2 )
way [ str [ : len ( str ) - 1 ] ] = length
return way
if __name__ == "__main__" :
print u '請輸入圖節點:'
rlist = list ( raw_input ( ) )
coordinates = coord ( rlist )
list_directive = combination ( rlist )
# print "有方向完全圖所有路徑為:",list_directive
# for it in list_directive:
# print it
print u '有方向完全圖所有路徑總數:' , len ( list_directive ) , "n"
# 無方向完全圖
list_directive = repeat ( list_directive )
list_directive = repeat ( list_directive )
# print "無方向完全圖所有路徑為:",list_directive
print u '無方向完全圖所有路徑為:'
for it in list_directive :
print it
print u '無方向完全圖所有路徑總數:' , len ( list_directive )
ways = count ( list_directive , coordinates )
print u '路徑排序如下:'
for dstr in sorted ( ways . iteritems ( ) , key = lambda d : d [ 1 ] , reverse = False ) :
print dstr
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