Java Web系列：Spring Boot 基礎
Spring Boot 項目（參考1） 提供了一個類似ASP.NET MVC的默認模板一樣的標準樣板，直接集成了一系列的組件并使用了默認的配置。使用Spring Boot 不會降低學習成本，甚至增加了學習成本，但顯著降低了使用成本并提高了開發效率。如果沒有Spring基礎不建議直接上手。
1.基礎項目
這里只關注基于Maven的項目構建，使用Spring Boot CLI命令行工具和Gradle構建方式請參考官網。
（1）創建項目：
創建類型為quickstart的Maven項目，刪除默認生成的.java文件保持默認的Maven目錄即可。
（2）修改/ pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 5 <groupId>com.example</groupId> 6 <artifactId>myproject</artifactId> 7 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 8 <properties> 9 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 10 </properties> 11 <parent> 12 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 13 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 14 <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version> 15 </parent> 16 <dependencies> 17 <dependency> 18 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 19 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 20 </dependency> 21 </dependencies> 22 </project>
（3）添加/src/main/sample/controller/ HomeController.java 文件：
1 package simple.controller;
2
3 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
4
5 @RestController
6 public class HomeController {
7
8 @RequestMapping("/")
9 public String index() {
10 return "Hello World!";
11 }
12 }
（4）添加/src/main/sample/ Application.java 文件：
1 package simple;
2
3 import org.springframework.boot.*;
4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
5 import simple.controller.*;
6
7 @EnableAutoConfiguration
8 public class Application {
9
10 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
11 SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
12 }
13
14 }
在瀏覽器中輸入http://localhost:8080/，即可直接看到"Hello World"運行結果 。
2. 添加數據訪問支持
（1）修改pom，添加 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa 和 h2 依賴:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 5 <groupId>com.example</groupId> 6 <artifactId>myproject</artifactId> 7 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 8 <properties> 9 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 10 </properties> 11 <parent> 12 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 13 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 14 <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version> 15 </parent> 16 <dependencies> 17 <dependency> 18 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 19 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 20 </dependency> 21 <dependency> 22 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 23 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> 24 </dependency> 25 <dependency> 26 <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> 27 <artifactId>h2</artifactId> 28 <scope>runtime</scope> 29 </dependency> 30 </dependencies> 31 </project>
如果需要在控制臺查看生成SQL語句，可以添加/src/main/resources/application.properties
1 spring.h2.console.enabled=true 2 logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=debug
（2）添加實體
添加User、Role、Category和Post實體。
User:
1 package simple.domain;
2
3 import java.util.;
4
5 import javax.persistence.;
6
7 @Entity
8 public class User {
9 @Id
10 @GeneratedValue
11 private Long id;
12
13 private String userName;
14
15 private String password;
16
17 private String Email;
18
19 @javax.persistence.Version
20 private Long Version;
21
22 @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
23 private List<Role> roles = new ArrayList<Role>();
24
25 public Long getId() {
26 return id;
27 }
28
29 public void setId(Long id) {
30 this.id = id;
31 }
32
33 public String getUserName() {
34 return userName;
35 }
36
37 public void setUserName(String userName) {
38 this.userName = userName;
39 }
40
41 public String getPassword() {
42 return password;
43 }
44
45 public void setPassword(String password) {
46 this.password = password;
47 }
48
49 public String getEmail() {
50 return Email;
51 }
52
53 public void setEmail(String email) {
54 Email = email;
55 }
56
57 public List<Role> getRoles() {
58 return roles;
59 }
60
61 public void setRoles(List<Role> roles) {
62 this.roles = roles;
63 }
64
65 public Long getVersion() {
66 return Version;
67 }
68
69 public void setVersion(Long version) {
70 Version = version;
71 }
72 }
View Code</pre>
Role:
1 package simple.domain;
2
3 import java.util.;
4
5 import javax.persistence.;
6
7 @Entity
8 public class Role {
9 @Id
10 @GeneratedValue
11 private Long id;
12
13 private String roleName;
14
15 @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
16 private List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
17
18 public Long getId() {
19 return id;
20 }
21
22 public void setId(Long id) {
23 this.id = id;
24 }
25
26 public String getRoleName() {
27 return roleName;
28 }
29
30 public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
31 this.roleName = roleName;
32 }
33
34 public List<User> getUsers() {
35 return users;
36 }
37
38 public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
39 this.users = users;
40 }
41 }
View Code</pre>
Category:
1 package simple.domain;
2
3 import java.util.;
4
5 import javax.persistence.;
6
7 @Entity
8 public class Category {
9 @Id
10 @GeneratedValue
11 private Long id;
12
13 private String Name;
14
15 @OneToMany
16 private List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();
17
18 public Long getId() {
19 return id;
20 }
21
22 public void setId(Long id) {
23 this.id = id;
24 }
25
26 public String getName() {
27 return Name;
28 }
29
30 public void setName(String name) {
31 Name = name;
32 }
33
34 public List<Post> getPosts() {
35 return posts;
36 }
37
38 public void setPosts(List<Post> posts) {
39 this.posts = posts;
40 }
41 }
View Code</pre>
Post:
1 package simple.domain;
2
3 import java.util.;
4
5 import javax.persistence.;
6
7 @Entity
8 public class Post {
9 @Id
10 @GeneratedValue
11 private Long id;
12
13 private String Name;
14
15 private String Html;
16
17 private String Text;
18
19 private Date CreateAt;
20
21 @ManyToOne
22 private Category category;
23
24 public Long getId() {
25 return id;
26 }
27
28 public void setId(Long id) {
29 this.id = id;
30 }
31
32 public String getName() {
33 return Name;
34 }
35
36 public void setName(String name) {
37 Name = name;
38 }
39
40 public String getHtml() {
41 return Html;
42 }
43
44 public void setHtml(String html) {
45 Html = html;
46 }
47
48 public String getText() {
49 return Text;
50 }
51
52 public void setText(String text) {
53 Text = text;
54 }
55
56 public Date getCreateAt() {
57 return CreateAt;
58 }
59
60 public void setCreateAt(Date createAt) {
61 CreateAt = createAt;
62 }
63
64 public Category getCategory() {
65 return category;
66 }
67
68 public void setCategory(Category category) {
69 this.category = category;
70 }
71 }
View Code</pre>
（3）添加資源庫
添加UserRepository、RoleRepository、CategoryRepository和PostRepository接口，無需實現。
UserRepository:
1 package simple.repository;
2
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4
5 import simple.domain.*;
6
7 public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
8
9 }
RoleRepository
1 package simple.repository;
2
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4
5 import simple.domain.*;
6
7 public interface RoleRepository extends CrudRepository<Role, Long> {
8
9 }
CategoryRepository
1 package simple.repository;
2
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4
5 import simple.domain.*;
6
7 public interface CategoryRepository extends CrudRepository<Category, Long> {
8
9 }
PostRepository
package simple.repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
import simple.domain.*;
public interface PostRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
}</pre>
（4）在控制器中注入資源庫接口
1 package simple.controller;
2
3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*;
4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
5
6 import simple.repository.*;
7
8 @RestController
9 public class HomeController {
10
11 private UserRepository userRepository;
12 private RoleRepository roleRepository;
13 private CategoryRepository categoryRepository;
14 private PostRepository postReppository;
15
16 @Autowired
17 public HomeController(UserRepository userRepository, RoleRepository roleRepository,
18 CategoryRepository categoryRepository, PostRepository postReppository) {
19 this.userRepository = userRepository;
20 this.roleRepository = roleRepository;
21 this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;
22 this.postReppository = postReppository;
23 }
24
25
26 @RequestMapping("/")
27 public long index() {
28 return userRepository.count();
29 }
30 }
使用事務時在方法上應用注解@Transactional
3.添加驗證和授權支持
（1）添加 spring-boot-starter-security 依賴
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
5 <groupId>com.example</groupId>
6 <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
7 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8 <properties>
9 <java.version>1.8</java.version>
10 </properties>
11 <parent>
12 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14 <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
15 </parent>
16 <dependencies>
17 <dependency>
18 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
19 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
20 </dependency>
21 <dependency>
22 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
23 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
24 </dependency>
25 <dependency>
26 <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
27 <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
28 <scope>runtime</scope>
29 </dependency>
30 <dependency>
31 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
32 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
33 </dependency>
34 </dependencies>
35 </project>
（2）修改Application.java
1 package simple;
2
3 import org.springframework.boot.*;
4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
5 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
6 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.*;
7 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
8 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
9 import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler;
10
11 import simple.controller.*;
12
13 @EnableAutoConfiguration
14 @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
15 public class Application {
16
17 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
18 SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
19 }
20
21 @Bean
22 public WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter webSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
23 return new MyWebSecurityConfigurer();
24 }
25
26 public static class MyWebSecurityConfigurer extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
27 @Override
28 protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
29 http.csrf().disable();
30 http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/account**", "/admin**").authenticated();
31 http.formLogin().usernameParameter("userName").passwordParameter("password").loginPage("/login")
32 .loginProcessingUrl("/login").successHandler(new SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler())
33 .and().logout().logoutUrl("/logout").logoutSuccessUrl("/");
34 http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("rememberMe");
35
36 }
37 }
38 }
訪問http://localhost:8080/account會自動跳轉到login登錄頁。Spring Security的具體使用前文已有所述。
參考：
（1）https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot
（2）http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/
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