【Nginx】centos6.5下安裝lnmp環境
來自： http://blog.csdn.net/diandianxiyu_geek/article/details/42192021
前言
好久沒有寫博客了，真是不好，感覺接觸的東西越來越多，如果不記錄下來的話，就會慢慢忘記。因為業務需要，apache的負載能力已經不能滿足現在的需求了，所以決定采用nginx作為服務器，承載更多的接口訪問。
準備工作
centos6.5的虛擬機一臺，重新裝的系統，沒有別的東西
Nginx
更新源
因為yum自己不支持nginx，所以需要自己更新一下。
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.piHjNP: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:nginx-release-centos ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# yum info nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.cug.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.cug.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.cug.edu.cn
nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00
nginx/primary_db | 34 kB 00:00
Available Packages
Name : nginx
Arch : x86_64
Version : 1.6.2
Release : 1.el6.ngx
Size : 336 k
Repo : nginx
Summary : High performance web server
URL : http://nginx.org/
License : 2-clause BSD-like license
Description : nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as
: a mail proxy server.
安裝nginx
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cug.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.cug.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.cug.edu.cn Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nginx.x86_64 0:1.6.2-1.el6.ngx will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: nginx x86_64 1.6.2-1.el6.ngx nginx 336 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 336 k Installed size: 828 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: nginx-1.6.2-1.el6.ngx.x86_64.rpm | 336 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : nginx-1.6.2-1.el6.ngx.x86_64 1/1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Thanks for using nginx! Please find the official documentation for nginx here: * http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on: * http://nginx.com/products/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Verifying : nginx-1.6.2-1.el6.ngx.x86_64 1/1 Installed: nginx.x86_64 0:1.6.2-1.el6.ngx Complete!
設置nginx開機啟動并且啟動服務
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig nginx on [root@localhost ~]# service nginx start 正在啟動 nginx： [確定]
試了一下，沒有成功，才想起來，沒有配置防火墻，所以，先停止防火墻，再重啟nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop iptables：將鏈設置為政策 ACCEPT：filter [確定] iptables：清除防火墻規則： [確定] iptables：正在卸載模塊： [確定] [root@localhost ~]# service nginx start [root@localhost ~]# service nginx restart 停止 nginx： [確定] 正在啟動 nginx： [確定]
Nginx安裝成功！
安裝MySQL
直接安裝MySQL的客戶端和服務器
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql mysql-server
啟動服務
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
初始化 MySQL 數據庫： Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!
[確定]
正在啟動 mysqld： [確定]設置開機啟動mysql，備份配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp：是否覆蓋"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
設置root用戶的密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!重啟mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart 停止 mysqld： [確定] 正在啟動 mysqld： [確定]
安裝PHP
安裝php和php-fpm
Nginx作為服務器本身并不能支持php,我們需要一個叫php-fpm的來讓nginx支持php解析。
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php php-fpm
安裝php擴展
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php-mysql php-gd libjpeg* php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-bcmath php-mhash libmcrypt
貌似有幾個擴展沒有安裝上，請注意！
Setting up Install Process No package php-mcrypt available. No package php-mhash available. No package libmcrypt available.
開機啟動php-fpm，啟動php-fpm
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig php-fpm on [root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm start 正在啟動 php-fpm： [確定]
環境配置
nginx支持php
備份配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.confbak
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
修改user那一行，變成
user nginx nginx;
備份配置文件，編輯
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.confbak [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
簡單修改之后的配置文件
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}重啟Nginx
修改PHP配置
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/php.ini
date.timezone = PRC #在946行 把前面的分號去掉，改為date.timezone = PRC disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,ope nlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,escapeshellcmd,dll,popen,disk_free_space,checkdnsrr,checkdns rr,getservbyname,getservbyport,disk_total_space,posix_ctermid,posix_get_last_error,posix_getcwd, posix_getegid,posix_geteuid,posix_getgid, posix_getgrgid,posix_getgrnam,posix_getgroups,posix_getlogin,posix_getpgid,posix_getpgrp,posix_getpid, posix_getppid,posix_getpwnam,posix_getpwuid, posix_getrlimit, posix_getsid,posix_getuid,posix_isatty, posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setegid,posix_seteuid,posix_setgid, posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,posix_strerror,posix_times,posix_ttyname,posix_uname #在386行 列出PHP可以禁用的函數，如果某些程序需要用到這個函數，可以刪除，取消禁用。 expose_php = Off #在432行 禁止顯示php版本的信息 magic_quotes_gpc = On #在745行 打開magic_quotes_gpc來防止SQL注入 short_open_tag = ON #在229行支持php短標簽 open_basedir = .:/tmp/ #在380行 設置表示允許訪問當前目錄(即PHP腳本文件所在之目錄)和/tmp/目錄,可以防止php木馬跨站,如果改了之后安裝程序有問題(例如：織夢內容管理系統)，可以注銷此行，或者直接寫上程序的目錄/data/www.osyunwei.com/:/tmp/
保存
修改php-fpm配置
備份配置文件，進行修改
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf /etc/php-fpm.d/www.confbak [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
; Unix user/group of processes ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group ; will be used. ; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd user = nginx ; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir. group = nginx
測試
在nginx所在的目錄寫入測試文件，設置權限，并且重啟nginx和php-prm
[root@localhost html]# vi info.php
[root@localhost html]# chown nginx.nginx /usr/share/nginx/html -R
[root@localhost html]# service nginx restart
停止 nginx： [確定]
正在啟動 nginx： [確定]
[root@localhost html]# service php-fpm restart
停止 php-fpm： [確定]
正在啟動 php-fpm：[27-Dec-2014 13:11:21] NOTICE: PHP message: PHP Warning: Directive 'magic_quotes_gpc' is deprecated in PHP 5.3 and greater in Unknown on line 0
[確定]出現了問題，訪問php文件出現了
File not found.
解決問題
配置文件錯誤，下面是調試成功的配置文件
[root@localhost html]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}配置完成
后記
完成基本的配置工作之后，還有一些問題要考慮。
- 虛擬機的配置
- url重寫
- php擴展的安裝
- 和負載均衡的搭配問題
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