Android-ble - Android藍牙4.0操作demo

jopen 8年前發布 | 261K 次閱讀 Android開發移動開發 Android-ble

Android-ble

Android藍牙4.0操作demo 最近，隨著智能穿戴式設備、智能醫療以及智能家居的普及，藍牙開發在移動開中顯得非常的重要。由于公司需要，研究了一下，藍牙4.0在Android中的應用。以下是我的一些總結。

      #1.先介紹一下關于藍牙4.0中的一些名詞吧：   
      (1)GATT(Gneric Attibute  Profile)

通過ble連接，讀寫屬性類小數據Profile通用的規范。現在所有的ble應用Profile 都是基于GATT (2)ATT(Attribute Protocal) GATT是基于ATT Potocal的ATT針對BLE設備專門做的具體就是傳輸過程中使用盡量少的數據，每個屬性都有個唯一的UUID，屬性chartcteristics and Service的形式傳輸。

(3)Service是Characteristic的集合。 (4).Characteristic 特征類型。

比如。有個藍牙ble的血壓計。他可能包括多個Servvice，每個Service有包括多個Characteristic

注意：藍牙ble只能支持Android 4.3以上的系統 SDK>=18

  #2.以下是開發的步驟：
2.1首先獲取BluetoothManager</pre> BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);

2.2獲取BluetoothAdapter</p>
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); 
  # 2.3創建BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback
 private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() { 
     @Override  
    public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, final byte[] scanRecord) {  

        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                try {  
                    String struuid = NumberUtils.bytes2HexString(NumberUtils.reverseBytes(scanRecord)).replace("-", "").toLowerCase();  
                    if (device!=null && struuid.contains(DEVICE_UUID_PREFIX.toLowerCase())) {  
                        mBluetoothDevices.add(device);  
                    }  
                } catch (Exception e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
            }  
        });  
    }  
};  

# 2.4.開始搜索設備。
 mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback); 
 #2.5.BluetoothDevice 描述了一個藍牙設備 提供了getAddress()設備Mac地址,getName()設備的名稱。 #2.6開始連接設備
 /** * Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device. *

 * @param address * The device address of the destination device. *

 * @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The * connection result is reported asynchronously through the * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)} * callback. */

 public boolean connect(final String address) {

 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {

 Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");

 return false;

 } 
     // Previously connected device. Try to reconnect. (先前連接的設備。 嘗試重新連接)  
    if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress) && mBluetoothGatt != null) {  
        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");  
        if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {  
            mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;  
            return true;  
        } else {  
            return false;  
        }  
    }  

    final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);  
    if (device == null) {  
        Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");  
        return false;  
    }  
    // We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the  
    // autoConnect  
    // parameter to false.  
    mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);  
    Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");  
    mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;  
    mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;  
    return true;  
}  
 #2.7連接到設備之后獲取設備的服務(Service)和服務對應的Characteristic。
 // Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT

 // Services/Characteristics.

 // In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the

 // ExpandableListView

 // on the UI.

 private void displayGattServices(List gattServices) {

 if (gattServices == null)

 return;

 String uuid = null;

 ArrayList> gattServiceData = new ArrayList<>();

 ArrayList>> gattCharacteristicData = new ArrayList<>(); 
 mGattCharacteristics = new ArrayList<>();  

// Loops through available GATT Services.  
for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {  
    HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData = new HashMap<>();  
    uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString();  
    if (uuid.contains("ba11f08c-5f14-0b0d-1080")) {//服務的uuid  
        //System.out.println("this gattService UUID is:" + gattService.getUuid().toString());  
        currentServiceData.put(LIST_NAME, "Service_OX100");  
        currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);  
        gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData);  
        ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData = new ArrayList<>();  
        List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics = gattService.getCharacteristics();  
        ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas = new ArrayList<>();  

        // Loops through available Characteristics.  
        for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic : gattCharacteristics) {  
            charas.add(gattCharacteristic);  
            HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData = new HashMap<>();  
            uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString();  
            if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd01")) {  
                currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd01");  
            } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd02")) {  
                currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd02");  
            } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd03")) {  
                currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd03");  
            } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd04")) {  
                currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd04");  
            } else {  
                currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "write");  
            }  

            currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);  
            gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData);  
        }  

        mGattCharacteristics.add(charas);  

        gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData);  

        mCharacteristicCD01 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));  
        mCharacteristicCD02 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));  
        mCharacteristicCD03 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));  
        mCharacteristicCD04 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));  
        mCharacteristicWrite = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd20-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));  

        //System.out.println("=======================Set Notification==========================");  
        // 開始順序監聽，第一個：CD01  
        mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD01, true);  
        mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD02, true);  
        mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD03, true);  
        mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD04, true);  
    }  
}  
 } 
    2.8獲取到特征之后，找到服務中可以向下位機寫指令的特征，向該特征寫入指令。
 public void wirteCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) { 
     if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {  
        Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");  
        return;  
    }  

    mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);  

}  
    2.9寫入成功之后，開始讀取設備返回來的數據。
 private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {

 @Override

 public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {

 String intentAction;

 //System.out.println("=======status:" + status);

 if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {

 intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;

 mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;

 broadcastUpdate(intentAction);

 Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");

 // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.

 Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices()); 
         } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {  
            intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;  
            mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;  
            Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");  
            broadcastUpdate(intentAction);  
        }  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {  
        if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {  
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);  
        } else {  
            Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);  
        }  
    }  
    //從特征中讀取數據  
    @Override  
    public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {  
        //System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");  
        if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {  
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);  
        }  
    }  
    //向特征中寫入數據  
    @Override  
    public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {  
        //System.out.println("--------write success----- status:" + status);  
    }  

    /* 
     * when connected successfully will callback this method this method can 
     * dealwith send password or data analyze 

     *當連接成功將回調該方法 
     */  
    @Override  
    public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {  
        broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);  
        if (characteristic.getValue() != null) {  

            //System.out.println(characteristic.getStringValue(0));  
        }  
        //System.out.println("--------onCharacteristicChanged-----");  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {  

        //System.out.println("onDescriptorWriteonDescriptorWrite = " + status + ", descriptor =" + descriptor.getUuid().toString());  

        UUID uuid = descriptor.getCharacteristic().getUuid();  
        if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {  
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD01NOTIDIED);  
        } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {  
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD02NOTIDIED);  
        } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {  
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD03NOTIDIED);  
        } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {  
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD04NOTIDIED);  
        }  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {  
        //System.out.println("rssi = " + rssi);  
    }  
};  

----------------------------------------------  
  //從特征中讀取數據  
    @Override  
    public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {  
        //System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");  
        if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {  
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);  
        }  
    }  
    2.10、斷開連接
 /** * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The * disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)} * callback. */

 public void disconnect() {

 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {

 Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");

 return;

 }

 mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();

 } 
    2.11、數據的轉換方法
 // byte轉十六進制字符串

 public static String bytes2HexString(byte[] bytes) {

 String ret = "";

 for (byte aByte : bytes) {

 String hex = Integer.toHexString(aByte & 0xFF);

 if (hex.length() == 1) {

 hex = '0' + hex;

 }

 ret += hex.toUpperCase(Locale.CHINA);

 }

 return ret;

 } 
 /** * 將16進制的字符串轉換為字節數組 *

 * @param message * @return 字節數組 */

 public static byte[] getHexBytes(String message) {

 int len = message.length() / 2;

 char[] chars = message.toCharArray();

 String[] hexStr = new String[len];

 byte[] bytes = new byte[len];

 for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i += 2, j++) {

 hexStr[j] = "" + chars[i] + chars[i + 1];

 bytes[j] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hexStr[j], 16);

 }

 return bytes;

 } 
    總結
 大概整體就是如上的步驟。但是也是要具體根據廠家的協議來實現通信的過程。
 就那一個我們項目中的demo說一下。 一個藍牙ble的血壓計。 上位機---手機 下位機 -- 血壓計 1.血壓計與手機連接藍牙之后。 2.上位機主動向下位機發送一個身份驗證指令，下位機收到指令后開始給上位做應答， 3.應答成功，下位機會將測量的血壓數據傳送到上位機。 4.最后斷開連接。


項目地址： https://github.com/lidong1665/Android-ble

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