Spring+Log4j+ActiveMQ實現遠程記錄日志——實戰+分析
應用場景
隨著項目的逐漸擴大,日志的增加也變得更快。Log4j是常用的日志記錄工具,在有些時候,我們可能需要將Log4j的日志發送到專門用于記錄日志的遠程服務器,特別是對于稍微大一點的應用。這么做的優點有:
- 可以集中管理日志 :可以把多臺服務器上的日志都發送到一臺日志服務器上,方便管理、查看和分析
- 可以減輕服務器的開銷 :日志不在服務器上了,因此服務器有更多可用的磁盤空間
- 可以提高服務器的性能 :通過異步方式,記錄日志時服務器只負責發送消息,不關心日志記錄的時間和位置,服務器甚至不關心日志到底有沒有記錄成功
遠程打印日志的原理:項目A需要打印日志,而A調用Log4j來打印日志,Log4j的JMSAppender又給配置的地址(ActiveMQ地址)發送一條JMS消息,此時綁定在Queue上的項目B的監聽器發現有消息到來,于是立即喚醒監聽器的方法開始輸出日志。
本文將使用兩個Java項目Product和Logging,其中Product項目就是模擬線上的項目,而Logging項目模擬運行在專用的日志服務器上的項目。說明:本文的例子是在Windows平臺下。
安裝ActiveMQ
1. 下載: http://activemq.apache.org/download.html
2. 解壓后不需要任何配置,進入到bin下對應的系統架構文件夾
3. 雙擊activemq.bat啟動,如果看到類似下面的頁面,就代表activemq啟動好了:
然后打開瀏覽器,輸入地址:http://localhost:8161進入管理頁面,用戶名admin,密碼admin:
可以點擊Manage ActiveMQ broker進入Queue的查看界面。
實戰
我用Maven來管理項目,方便維護各種依賴的jar包。先看下項目結構:
項目不復雜,主要是4個文件:pom.xml,Main.java,log4j.properties和jndi.properties
pom.xml中主要是聲明項目的依賴包,其余沒有什么東西了:
<!-- Use to call write log methods -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Log4j uses this lib -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.13</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring jms lib -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ActiveMQ lib -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
<artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>
<version>5.7.0</version>
</dependency></code></pre>
Main.java:
package com.demo.product;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
public class Main implements MessageListener {
public Main() throws Exception {
// create consumer and listen queue
ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory =
new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616");
Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
connection.start();
//////////////注意這里JMSAppender只支持TopicDestination,下面會說到////////////////
Destination topicDestination = session.createTopic("logTopic");
MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topicDestination);
consumer.setMessageListener(this);
// log a message
Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class);
logger.info("Info Log.");
logger.warn("Warn Log");
logger.error("Error Log.");
// clean up
Thread.sleep(1000);
consumer.close();
session.close();
connection.close();
System.exit(1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new Main();
}
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
// receive log event in your consumer
LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject();
System.out.println("Received log [" + event.getLevel() + "]: "+ event.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}</code></pre>
說明:然后是log4j.properties:
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout, jms
Be sure that ActiveMQ messages are not logged to 'jms' appender
log4j.logger.org.apache.activemq=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %-5p %c - %m%n
Configure 'jms' appender. You'll also need jndi.properties file in order to make it work
log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender
log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory
log4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616
log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopic
log4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory</code></pre>
其實按理說只需要這么三個文件就可以了,但是這時候執行會報錯:
javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: logTopic
at org.apache.activemq.jndi.ReadOnlyContext.lookup(ReadOnlyContext.java:235)
at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.lookup(JMSAppender.java:245)
at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.activateOptions(JMSAppender.java:222)
at org.apache.log4j.config.PropertySetter.activate(PropertySetter.java:307)
...
at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.<clinit>(ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.java:39)
at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:84)
at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:137)
at com.demo.product.Main.<init>(Main.java:20)
at com.demo.product.Main.main(Main.java:43)
為什么會報錯呢?來看看JMSAppender的javadoc文檔,它是這么描述的:

大意是說,JMSAppender需要一個jndi配置來初始化一個JNDI上下文(Context)。因為有了這個上下文才能管理JMS Topic和topic的連接。于是為項目配置一個叫jndi.properties的文件,其內容為:
topic.logTopic=logTopic
然后再運行就不會報錯了。我們先來看看ActiveMQ(注意切換到Topic標簽頁下):

可以看到,主題為logTopic的消息,有3條進Queue,這3條也出Queue了。而出Queue的消息,已經被我們的監聽器收到并打印出來了:

Spring整合
需要注意的是,本例只是一個很簡單的例子,目的是闡明遠程打印日志的原理。實際項目中,一般日志服務器上運行著的,不是項目,而是專用的日志記錄器。下面,我們就把這個項目拆分成兩個項目,并用Spring來管理這些用到的Bean
修改Product項目
修改后的Product的項目結構并沒有改變,改變的只是Main類:
package com.demo.product;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
public class Main{
private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class);
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// just log a message
logger.info("Info Log.");
logger.warn("Warn Log");
logger.error("Error Log.");
System.exit(0);
}
}</code></pre>
這個Main類和普通的logger調用一樣,僅僅負責打印日志。有沒有覺得太簡單了呢?
Logging項目
來看看項目結構圖:

為了讓監聽器一直活著,我把Logging寫成了一個Web項目,跑在Tomcat上。index.jsp就是個Hello World字符串而已,用來驗證Logging活著。注意, 在Logging項目中,已沒有Product項目中的log4j.properties和jndi.properties兩個文件 。
來看看另外幾個文件:
pom.xml(每個包的目的都寫在注釋里了):
<!-- Use to cast object to LogEvent when received a log -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Use to receive jms message -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Use to load spring.xml -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ActiveMQ lib -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
<artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>
<version>5.7.0</version>
</dependency></code></pre>
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"
<web-app>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Use to load spring.xml -->
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app></code></pre>
spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
<bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate">
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jms.connection.SingleConnectionFactory">
<property name="targetConnectionFactory" ref="targetConnectionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="targetConnectionFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">
<property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616"/>
</bean>
<!-- As JMSAppender only support the topic way to send messages,
thus queueDestination here is useless.
<bean id="queueDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="queue" />
</bean>
-->
<bean id="topicDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="logTopic" />
</bean>
<bean id="jmsContainer" class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer">
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" />
<!-- <property name="destination" ref="queueDestination" /> -->
<property name="destination" ref="topicDestination" />
<property name="messageListener" ref="logMessageListener" />
</bean>
<bean id="logMessageListener" class="com.demo.logging.LogMessageListener"/>
</beans></code></pre>
logMessageListener指向我們自己實現的日志消息處理邏輯類,topicDestination則關注topic為“logTopic”的消息,而jmsContainer把這兩個對象綁在一起,這樣就能接收并處理消息了。
最后就是偉大的監聽器了LogMessageListener了:
package com.demo.logging;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
public class LogMessageListener implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
// receive log event in your consumer
LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject();
System.out.println("Logging project: [" + event.getLevel() + "]: "+ event.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}</code></pre>
哈哈,說偉大,其實太簡單了。但是可以看到,監聽器里面就是之前Product項目中Main類里面移除的實現了MessageListener接口中的代碼。
測試
在執行測試前,刪掉ActiveMQ中所有的Queue,確保測試效果。
先運行Logging項目,開始Queue的監聽。再運行Product的Main類的main函數,可以先看到Main類打印到控制臺的日志:

接下來去看看Queue中的情況:

可以看到有個叫logTopic的主題的消息,進了3條,出了3條。不用想,出Queue的3條日志已經被Logging項目的Listener接收并打印出來了,現在去看看Tomcat的控制臺:

還要注意Queue中的logTopic的Consumer數量為1而不是0,這與開始的截圖不同。我們都知道這個Consumer是Logging項目中的LogMessageListener對象,它一直活著,是因為Tomcat一直活著;之前的Consumer數量為0,是因為在main函數執行完后,Queue的監聽器(也是寫日志的對象)就退出了。
通過把Product和Logging項目分別放在不同的機器上執行,在第三臺機器上部署ActiveMQ(當然你可以把ActiveMQ搭建在任意可以訪問的地方),再配置一下Product項目的log4j.properties文件和Logging項目的spring.xml文件就能用于生產環境啦。
JMSAppender類的分析
JMSAppender類將LoggingEvent實例序列化成ObjectMessage,并將其發送到JMS Server的一個指定Topic中, 因此,使用此種將日志發送到遠程的方式只支持Topic方式發送,不支持Queue方式發送。 我們再log4j.properties中配置了這一句:
log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender
這一句指定了使用的Appender,打開這個Appender,在里面可以看到很多setter,比如:

這些setter不是巧合,而正是對應了我們在log4j.properties中設置的其他幾個選項:
log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory
log4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616
log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopic
log4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory
來看看JMSAppender的activeOptions方法,這個方法是用于使我們在log4j.properties中的配置生效的:
/**
Options are activated and become effective only after calling this method.
*/
public void activateOptions() {
TopicConnectionFactory topicConnectionFactory;
try {
Context jndi;
LogLog.debug("Getting initial context.");
if (initialContextFactoryName != null) {
Properties env = new Properties();
env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, initialContextFactoryName);
if (providerURL != null) {
env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, providerURL);
} else {
LogLog.warn("You have set InitialContextFactoryName option but not the "
+ "ProviderURL. This is likely to cause problems.");
}
if (urlPkgPrefixes != null) {
env.put(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, urlPkgPrefixes);
}
if (securityPrincipalName != null) {
env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, securityPrincipalName);
if (securityCredentials != null) {
env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, securityCredentials);
} else {
LogLog.warn("You have set SecurityPrincipalName option but not the "
+ "SecurityCredentials. This is likely to cause problems.");
}
}
jndi = new InitialContext(env);
} else {
jndi = new InitialContext();
}
LogLog.debug("Looking up [" + tcfBindingName + "]");
topicConnectionFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) lookup(jndi, tcfBindingName);
LogLog.debug("About to create TopicConnection.");
///////////////////////////////注意這里只會創建TopicConnection////////////////////////////
if (userName != null) {
topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection(userName, password);
} else {
topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection();
}
LogLog.debug("Creating TopicSession, non-transactional, " + "in AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE mode.");
topicSession = topicConnection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
LogLog.debug("Looking up topic name [" + topicBindingName + "].");
Topic topic = (Topic) lookup(jndi, topicBindingName);
LogLog.debug("Creating TopicPublisher.");
topicPublisher = topicSession.createPublisher(topic);
LogLog.debug("Starting TopicConnection.");
topicConnection.start();
jndi.close();
} catch (JMSException e) {
errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,
ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
} catch (NamingException e) {
errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,
ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,
ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
}
}</code></pre>
上面初始化了一個TopicConnection,一個TopicSession,一個TopicPublisher。咱們再來看看這個Appender的append方法:
/**
- This method called by {@link AppenderSkeleton#doAppend} method to do most
- of the real appending work.
*/
public void append(LoggingEvent event) {
if (!checkEntryConditions()) {
return;
}
try {
ObjectMessage msg = topicSession.createObjectMessage();
if (locationInfo) {
event.getLocationInformation();
}
msg.setObject(event);
topicPublisher.publish(msg);///////////////注意這一句//////////////
} catch (JMSException e) {
errorHandler.error("Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "].",
e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
errorHandler.error("Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "].",
e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
}
}</code></pre> 這里使用TopicPublisher.publish()方法,把序列化的消息發布出去。可見這也證明了JMSAppender只支持以Topic方式發送消息。
樣例下載:百度網盤
鏈接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1pJF1ybx 密碼: x5r6
參考:
http://activemq.apache.org/how-do-i-use-log4j-jms-appender-with-activemq.html
來自: http://www.importnew.com/20532.html