Android單元測試

Android單元測試

創建android studio工程，在app目錄下的build.gradle中加入JUnit4的依賴。

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.0.0-beta1'
}

創建Unit Test

創建測試類Tools

public class Tools {
    public double sum(double a ,double b){
        return 0;
    }


public double abs(double value){
    return 0;
}

}</code></pre> 
  
在待測試的類(Tools)代碼編輯器內，右鍵選擇Go to -> Test
 
  
或者使用快捷鍵Ctrl + Shift + T，Create New Test 。
 
  
Testing library選擇JUnit4
 
  
Generate選擇setUp/@Before
 
  
Destionation package選擇生成的測試類的包路徑
 
  
如下圖：
 
  
 
  
1.PNG
 
  
創建成功后會在app/src/test/java/me/peace/junit下生成測試類(me/peace/junit即Destionation package)
 
  
一般與javas相關的單元測試選擇test/java目錄，與android相關的選擇androidTest/java，若缺少這兩個目錄請自行創建
 
  
 
  
2.PNG
 
  
在這個測試類中加入具體的測試內容
 
  
public class ToolsTest {
    private Tools mTools;


@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
    mTools = new Tools();
    System.out.println("Before - setUp");
}

@Test
public void testSum() throws Exception {
    assertEquals(48d,mTools.sum(46d,2d),0);
    System.out.println("Test - testSum");
}

@Test
public void testAbs() throws Exception {
    assertEquals(46,mTools.abs(-46),0);
    System.out.println("Test - testAbs");
}

}</code></pre> 
  
實現Tools類
 
  
public class Tools {
    public double sum(double a ,double b){
        return a + b;
    }


public double abs(double value){
    return Math.abs(value);
}

}</code></pre> 
  
Run Test Unit
 
  
右鍵ToolsTest類，選擇Run->ToolsTest
 
  
測試結果：
 
  
 
  
3.PNG
 
  
補充
 
  
Generate選擇setUp/@Before和tearDown/@After
 
  
其運行順序是setUp->測試的方法->tearDown(即Before->Test->After，且每個Test方法都會去執行一次setUp和tearDown方法)
 
  
測試結果：
 
  
 
  
4.PNG
 
  
使用Espresso進行Instrumentaion Test
 
  
在build.gradle中配置Espresso,在defaultConfig中添加
 
  
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
 
  
在dependencies中添加
 
  
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
 
  
完整的內容
 
  
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 24
    buildToolsVersion "24.0.2"

defaultConfig {
    applicationId "me.peace.espressostudy"
    minSdkVersion 15
    targetSdkVersion 24
    versionCode 1
    versionName "1.0"
    testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
    release {
        minifyEnabled false
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}

}
dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.0.0-beta1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:24.0.0-beta1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
}</code></pre> 
  
編輯layout的布局文件,效果如圖
 
  
 
  
5.PNG
 
  
在MainActivity中加入如下代碼
 
  
//按鈕點擊事件處理
 public void print(View v){
     TextView textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textview);
     EditText editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edittext);
     textView.setText("message => " + editText.getText().toString().trim());
 }
 
  
在androidTest/java目錄下創建MainActivityTest并且添加如下代碼
 
  
import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class MainActivityTest{
    private String mExpectedString = "Hello";

@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule(MainActivity.class);

@Test
public void print(){
    onView(withId(R.id.edittext)).perform(typeText(mExpectedString),closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withText(R.string.print)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.textview)).check(matches(withText("message => " + mExpectedString)));
}

}</code></pre> 
  
選擇MainActivityTest，右鍵Run 'MainActivityTest'
 
  
手機屏幕就會看到被執行的動作，最后會看到as上輸出測試結果。
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
來自：http://www.jianshu.com/p/e8f4db41579d