教你一步一步實現iOS自己的字典轉模型庫

sfg986 7年前發布 | 27K 次閱讀 iOS開發移動開發

前言

我們在iOS開發中，一般會使用MVC或者MVVM等模式。當我們從接口中拿到數據時，我們需要把數據轉成模型使用。下面我就帶大家一起用runtime一步一步的來完成這個轉換框架

1、先寫一個簡單的字典到模型的轉換

模型TestModel

@interface TestModel : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString name;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString phone;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *address;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;
@end</code></pre> 
  
 
   控制器ViewController中 
   
  @implementation ViewController

(void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
self.title = @"字典轉模型";
NSDictionary *dicTest = @{@"name":@"張三",

                        @"phone":@"110",
                        @"age":@"10"};

TestModel *model = [TestModel yj_initWithDictionary:dicTest];
  NSLog(@"model-----name:%@, phone:%@, address:%@, age:%@", model.name, model.phone, model.address, @(model.age));
}


@end</code></pre> 
  
 
   字典轉模型的分類中 
   
  @implementation NSObject (YJModelDicTransform)
//字典轉模型

(instancetype)yj_initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dic
{
  id myObj = [[self alloc] init];
unsigned int outCount;
//獲取類中的所有成員屬性
  objc_property_t *arrPropertys = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &outCount);
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < outCount; i ++) {

  objc_property_t property = arrPropertys[i];

  //獲取屬性名字符串
  //model中的屬性名
  NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:property_getName(property)];
  id propertyValue = dic[propertyName];

  if (propertyValue != nil) {
      [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
  }

}
free(arrPropertys);
return myObj;
}


//數組轉模型數組，現在還用不了，因為還沒有方法知道數組中保存的是什么類型，后面會處理

(instancetype)yj_initWithArray:(NSArray *)arr
{
  NSAssert([arr isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]], @"不是數組");
NSMutableArray *arrModels = [NSMutableArray array];
[arr enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {

  if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
      [arrModels addObject:[self yj_initWithArray:obj]];
  }
  else {
      id model = [self yj_initWithDictionary:obj];
      [arrModels addObject:model];
  }

}];
  return arrModels;
}</code></pre> 
 
 控制臺打印 2016-12-19 15:55:18.231 YJModelDicTransform[1627:125724] model-----name:張三, phone:110, address:(null), age:10
  
 
2、模型中嵌套有模型 
 
  第一步完成后我們已經可以自動完成字典和模型的轉換了，但是還不完善，比如我們的字典的value中如果有字典或者數組類型的話，程序就識別不了，所以我們現在就來處理這種情況
  
  先通過runtime來獲取模型中屬性的類型，然后根據不同類型來處理
  
 
@interface TestModel : NSObject


@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString name;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString phone;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *address;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;
//模型中嵌套UserModel模型
@property (nonatomic, strong) UserModel *user;
@end
@interface UserModel : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString userName;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString userId;
@end</code></pre> 
  
NSString *const YJClassType_object  =   @"對象類型";
NSString *const YJClassType_basic   =   @"基礎數據類型";
NSString *const YJClassType_other   =   @"其它"; 
  @implementation NSObject (YJModelDicTransform)

(instancetype)yj_initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dic
{
  id myObj = [[self alloc] init];
unsigned int outCount;
//獲取類中的所有成員屬性
  objc_property_t *arrPropertys = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &outCount);
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < outCount; i ++) {

  objc_property_t property = arrPropertys[i];

  //獲取屬性名字符串
  //model中的屬性名
  NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:property_getName(property)];
  id propertyValue = dic[propertyName];

  if (propertyValue == nil) {
      continue;
  }

  //獲取屬性是什么類型的
  NSDictionary *dicPropertyType = [self propertyTypeFromProperty:property];
  NSString *propertyClassType = [dicPropertyType objectForKey:@"classType"];
  NSString *propertyType = [dicPropertyType objectForKey:@"type"];
  if ([propertyType isEqualToString:YJClassType_object]) {
      if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSArray"] || [propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSMutableArray"]) {
          //數組類型，現在還用不了，因為還沒有方法知道數組中保存的是什么類型，后面會處理

      }
      else if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSDictionary"] || [propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSMutableDictionary"]) {
          //字典類型   不考慮，一般不會用字典，用自定義model

      }
      else if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSString"]) {
          //字符串類型
          if (propertyValue != nil) {
              [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
          }
      }
      else {
          //自定義類型,循環調用，一直到不是自定義類型
          propertyValue = [NSClassFromString(propertyClassType) yj_initWithDictionary:propertyValue];
          if (propertyValue != nil) {
              [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
          }
      }
  }
  else if ([propertyType isEqualToString:YJClassType_basic]) {
      //基本數據類型
      if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"c"]) {
          //bool類型
          NSString *lowerValue = [propertyValue lowercaseString];
          if ([lowerValue isEqualToString:@"yes"] || [lowerValue isEqualToString:@"true"]) {
              propertyValue = @(YES);
          } else if ([lowerValue isEqualToString:@"no"] || [lowerValue isEqualToString:@"false"]) {
              propertyValue = @(NO);
          }
      }
      else {
          propertyValue = [[[NSNumberFormatter alloc] init] numberFromString:propertyValue];
      }

      if (propertyValue != nil) {
          [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
      }
  }
  else {
      //其他類型
  }

}
free(arrPropertys);
return myObj;
}


//獲取屬性的類型

(NSDictionary )propertyTypeFromProperty:(objc_property_t)property
{
  //獲取屬性的類型, 類似 T@"NSString",C,N,V_name    T@"UserModel",&,N,V_user
  NSString propertyAttrs = @(property_getAttributes(property));
NSMutableDictionary *dicPropertyType = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
//截取類型
  NSRange commaRange = [propertyAttrs rangeOfString:@","];
  NSString *propertyType = [propertyAttrs substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(1, commaRange.location - 1)];
  NSLog(@"屬性類型:%@, %@", propertyAttrs, propertyType);
if ([propertyType hasPrefix:@"@"] && propertyType.length > 2) {

  //對象類型
  NSString *propertyClassType = [propertyType substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(2, propertyType.length - 3)];
  [dicPropertyType setObject:propertyClassType forKey:@"classType"];
  [dicPropertyType setObject:YJClassType_object forKey:@"type"];

}
  else if ([propertyType isEqualToString:@"q"]) {

  //NSInteger類型
  [dicPropertyType setObject:@"NSInteger" forKey:@"classType"];
  [dicPropertyType setObject:YJClassType_basic forKey:@"type"];

}
  else if ([propertyType isEqualToString:@"d"]) {

  //CGFloat類型
  [dicPropertyType setObject:@"CGFloat" forKey:@"classType"];
  [dicPropertyType setObject:YJClassType_basic forKey:@"type"];

}
  else if ([propertyType isEqualToString:@"c"]) {

  //BOOL類型
  [dicPropertyType setObject:@"BOOL" forKey:@"classType"];
  [dicPropertyType setObject:YJClassType_basic forKey:@"type"];

}
  else {

  [dicPropertyType setObject:YJClassType_other forKey:@"type"];

}
  return dicPropertyType;
}</code></pre> 
 
 控制器中 
 
- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
self.title = @"字典轉模型";
NSDictionary *dicTest = @{@"name":@"張三",

                        @"phone":@"110",
                        @"age":@"10",
                        @"user":@{@"userId":@"2"}};

TestModel *model = [TestModel yj_initWithDictionary:dicTest];
  NSLog(@"model-----name:%@, phone:%@, address:%@, age:%@, userId:%@, userName:%@", model.name, model.phone, model.address, @(model.age), model.user.userId, model.user.userName);
}</code></pre> 
 
 控制臺打印 2016-12-19 16:39:52.079 YJModelDicTransform[1851:143085] 屬性類型:T@"NSString",C,N,V_name, @"NSString"
 2016-12-19 16:39:52.080 YJModelDicTransform[1851:143085] 屬性類型:T@"NSString",C,N,V_phone, @"NSString"
 2016-12-19 16:39:52.080 YJModelDicTransform[1851:143085] 屬性類型:Tq,N,V_age, q
 2016-12-19 16:39:52.081 YJModelDicTransform[1851:143085] 屬性類型:T@"UserModel",&,N,V_user, @"UserModel"
 2016-12-19 16:39:52.081 YJModelDicTransform[1851:143085] 屬性類型:T@"NSString",C,N,V_userId, @"NSString"
 2016-12-19 16:39:52.081 YJModelDicTransform[1851:143085] model-----name:張三, phone:110, address:(null), age:10, userId:2, userName:(null)
  
 
3、處理模型中有數組屬性的情況 
 
  第二步之后程序可以處理模型中包含模型的情況， 但是還不能處理模型中有數組的情況，因為數組中存儲的類型需要人為的告訴程序，下面我們添加一個協議來來處理這種情況
  
  先創建一個協議， 然后讓分類遵循它
  
 
@protocol YJModelDicTransform <NSObject>


@optional
/**

數組中存儲的類型
*
@return key --- 屬性名,  value --- 數組中存儲的類型
*/
(NSDictionary *)yj_objectClassInArray;



@end
@interface NSObject (YJModelDicTransform)<YJModelDicTransform>

(instancetype)yj_initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dic;

@end</code></pre> 
  
 
   在model中實現這個方法 
   
  @implementation TestModel

(NSDictionary *)yj_objectClassInArray
{
  return @{@"arrUsers":@"UserModel"};
}

(NSDictionary *)yj_propertykeyReplacedWithValue
{
  return @{@"_id":@"id"};
}


@end</code></pre> 
  
//字典轉模型

(instancetype)yj_initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dic
{
  id myObj = [[self alloc] init];
unsigned int outCount;
//獲取類中的所有成員屬性
  objc_property_t *arrPropertys = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &outCount);
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < outCount; i ++) {

  objc_property_t property = arrPropertys[i];

  //獲取屬性名字符串
  //model中的屬性名
  NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:property_getName(property)];
  id propertyValue = dic[propertyName];

  if (propertyValue == nil) {
      continue;
  }

  //獲取屬性是什么類型的
  NSDictionary *dicPropertyType = [self propertyTypeFromProperty:property];
  NSString *propertyClassType = [dicPropertyType objectForKey:@"classType"];
  NSString *propertyType = [dicPropertyType objectForKey:@"type"];
  if ([propertyType isEqualToString:YJClassType_object]) {
      if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSArray"] || [propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSMutableArray"]) {
          //數組類型
          if ([self respondsToSelector:@selector(yj_objectClassInArray)]) {
              id propertyValueType = [[self yj_objectClassInArray] objectForKey:propertyName];
              if ([propertyValueType isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
                  propertyValue = [NSClassFromString(propertyValueType) yj_initWithArray:propertyValue];
              }
              else {
                  propertyValue = [propertyValueType yj_initWithArray:propertyValue];
              }

              if (propertyValue != nil) {
                  [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
              }
          }

      }
      else if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSDictionary"] || [propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSMutableDictionary"]) {
          //字典類型   不考慮，一般不會用字典，用自定義model

      }
      else if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSString"]) {
          //字符串類型
          if (propertyValue != nil) {
              [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
          }
      }
      else {
          //自定義類型,循環調用，一直到不是自定義類型
          propertyValue = [NSClassFromString(propertyClassType) yj_initWithDictionary:propertyValue];
          if (propertyValue != nil) {
              [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
          }
      }
  }
  else if ([propertyType isEqualToString:YJClassType_basic]) {
      //基本數據類型
      if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"c"]) {
          //bool類型
          NSString *lowerValue = [propertyValue lowercaseString];
          if ([lowerValue isEqualToString:@"yes"] || [lowerValue isEqualToString:@"true"]) {
              propertyValue = @(YES);
          } else if ([lowerValue isEqualToString:@"no"] || [lowerValue isEqualToString:@"false"]) {
              propertyValue = @(NO);
          }
      }
      else {
          propertyValue = [[[NSNumberFormatter alloc] init] numberFromString:propertyValue];
      }

      if (propertyValue != nil) {
          [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
      }
  }
  else {
      //其他類型
  }

}
free(arrPropertys);
return myObj;
}</code></pre> 
4、字典中包含一些iOS不能用的字段 
 
 有時候接口返回的數據中有id等iOS中和關鍵字重合的字段， 這個時候我們需要將id手動映射到模型中對應的屬性中 
 我們在剛剛創建的協議中在添加一個方法來處理 
 
@protocol YJModelDicTransform <NSObject>


@optional
/**

數組中存儲的類型
*
@return key --- 屬性名,  value --- 數組中存儲的類型
*/
(NSDictionary *)yj_objectClassInArray;



/**

替換一些字段
*
@return key -- 模型中的字段， value --- 字典中的字段
*/
(NSDictionary *)yj_propertykeyReplacedWithValue;



@end</code></pre> 
  
 
   在model中實現這個方法 
   
  + (NSDictionary *)yj_propertykeyReplacedWithValue
{
    return @{@"_id":@"id"};
} 
  + (instancetype)yj_initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dic
{
    id myObj = [[self alloc] init];

unsigned int outCount;

//獲取類中的所有成員屬性
objc_property_t *arrPropertys = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &outCount);

for (NSInteger i = 0; i < outCount; i ++) {
    objc_property_t property = arrPropertys[i];

    //獲取屬性名字符串
    //model中的屬性名
    NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:property_getName(property)];
    //字典中的屬性名
    NSString *newPropertyName;

    if ([self respondsToSelector:@selector(yj_propertykeyReplacedWithValue)]) {
        newPropertyName = [[self yj_propertykeyReplacedWithValue] objectForKey:propertyName];
    }
    if (!newPropertyName) {
        newPropertyName = propertyName;
    }

    NSLog(@"屬性名:%@", propertyName);

    id propertyValue = dic[newPropertyName];
    if (propertyValue == nil) {
        continue;
    }

    //獲取屬性是什么類型的
    NSDictionary *dicPropertyType = [self propertyTypeFromProperty:property];
    NSString *propertyClassType = [dicPropertyType objectForKey:@"classType"];
    NSString *propertyType = [dicPropertyType objectForKey:@"type"];
    if ([propertyType isEqualToString:YJClassType_object]) {
        if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSArray"] || [propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSMutableArray"]) {
            //數組類型
            if ([self respondsToSelector:@selector(yj_objectClassInArray)]) {
                id propertyValueType = [[self yj_objectClassInArray] objectForKey:propertyName];
                if ([propertyValueType isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
                    propertyValue = [NSClassFromString(propertyValueType) yj_initWithArray:propertyValue];
                }
                else {
                    propertyValue = [propertyValueType yj_initWithArray:propertyValue];
                }

                if (propertyValue != nil) {
                    [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
                }
            }

        }
        else if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSDictionary"] || [propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSMutableDictionary"]) {
            //字典類型   不考慮，一般不會用字典，用自定義model

        }
        else if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"NSString"]) {
            //字符串類型
            if (propertyValue != nil) {
                [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
            }
        }
        else {
            //自定義類型
            propertyValue = [NSClassFromString(propertyClassType) yj_initWithDictionary:propertyValue];
            if (propertyValue != nil) {
                [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
            }
        }
    }
    else if ([propertyType isEqualToString:YJClassType_basic]) {
        //基本數據類型
        if ([propertyClassType isEqualToString:@"c"]) {
            //bool類型
            NSString *lowerValue = [propertyValue lowercaseString];
            if ([lowerValue isEqualToString:@"yes"] || [lowerValue isEqualToString:@"true"]) {
                propertyValue = @(YES);
            } else if ([lowerValue isEqualToString:@"no"] || [lowerValue isEqualToString:@"false"]) {
                propertyValue = @(NO);
            }
        }
        else {
            propertyValue = [[[NSNumberFormatter alloc] init] numberFromString:propertyValue];
        }

        if (propertyValue != nil) {
            [myObj setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
        }
    }
    else {
        //其他類型
    }
}

free(arrPropertys);

return myObj;

}</code></pre> 
  
 
   控制器中 
   
  - (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

self.title = @"字典轉模型";

NSDictionary *dicTest = @{@"id":@"121",
                          @"name":@"張三",
                          @"phone":@"110",
                          @"age":@"10",
                          @"user":@{@"userId":@"2"},
                          @"arrUsers":@[@{@"userId":@"2"},@{@"userId":@"2"},@{@"userId":@"2"}]};
TestModel *model = [TestModel yj_initWithDictionary:dicTest];
NSLog(@"model-----id:%@, name:%@, phone:%@, address:%@, age:%@, userId:%@, userName:%@", model._id, model.name, model.phone, model.address, @(model.age), model.user.userId, model.user.userName);
[model.arrUsers enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(UserModel *obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
    NSLog(@"arrUser----userId:%@", obj.userId);
}];

}</code></pre> 
  
 
   控制臺打印 2016-12-19 17:17:03.245 YJModelDicTransform[2099:158162] model-----id:121, name:張三, phone:110, address:(null), age:10, userId:2, userName:(null)
 2016-12-19 17:17:03.245 YJModelDicTransform[2099:158162] arrUser----userId:2
 2016-12-19 17:17:03.245 YJModelDicTransform[2099:158162] arrUser----userId:2
 2016-12-19 17:17:03.245 YJModelDicTransform[2099:158162] arrUser----userId:2
  
   
  到此，基本完成了字典轉模型的功能。


                    
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                         iOS開發 移動開發

教你一步一步實現iOS自己的字典轉模型庫

前言

1、先寫一個簡單的字典到模型的轉換

2、模型中嵌套有模型

3、處理模型中有數組屬性的情況

4、字典中包含一些iOS不能用的字段

相關經驗

相關資訊

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