Android ZXing 二維碼、條形碼掃描介紹
最近公司的Android項目需要用到攝像頭做條碼或二維碼的掃描,Google一下,發現一個開源的 ZXing項目。它提供二維碼和條形碼的掃描。掃描條形碼就是直接讀取條形碼的內容,掃描二維碼是按照自己指定的二維碼格式進行編碼和解碼。
1.什么是二維碼和條形碼?
二維條形碼最早發明于日本,它是用某種特定的幾何圖形按一定規律在平面(二維方向上)分布的黑白相間的圖形記錄數據符號 信息的,在代碼編制上巧妙地利用構成計算機內部邏輯基礎的“0”、“1”比特流的概念,使用若干個與二進制相對應的幾何形體來表示文字數值信息,通過圖象 輸入設備或光電掃描設備自動識讀以實現信息自動處理。它具有條碼技術的一些共性:每種碼制有其特定的字符集;每個字符占有一定的寬度;具有一定的校驗功能 等。同時還具有對不同行的信息自動識別功能、及處理圖形旋轉變化等特點。
條形碼(barcode)是將寬度不等的多個黑條和空白,按照一定的編碼規則排列,用以表達一組信息的圖形標識符。常見 的條形碼是由反射率相差很大的黑條(簡稱條)和白條(簡稱空)排成的平行線圖案。條形碼可以標出物品的生產國、制造廠家、商品名稱、生產日期、圖書分類 號、郵件起止地點、類別、日期等許多信息,因而在商品流通、圖書管理、郵政管理、銀行系統等許多領域都得到廣泛的應用。
2.ZXing基本介紹ZXing是一個開源Java類庫用于解析多種格式的條形碼和二維碼.官網:http://code.google.com/p/zxing/
截止目前為止最新版本提供以下編碼格式的支持:
- UPC-A and UPC-E
- EAN-8 and EAN-13
- Code 39
- Code 93
- Code 128
- QR Code
- ITF
- Codabar
- RSS-14 (all variants)
- Data Matrix
- PDF 417 ('alpha' quality)
- Aztec ('alpha' quality)
同時官網提供了 Android、cpp、C#、iPhone、j2me、j2se、jruby、objc、rim、symbian等多種應用的類庫,具體詳情可以參考下載的源碼包中。
3.Android端編碼演示這里使用的ZXing是經過簡化版的,去除了一些一般使用不必要的文件,項目工程和效果截圖如下:

其中encoding包是在原基礎上加上去的,功能是根據傳入的字符串來生成二維碼圖片,返回一個Bitmap,其余的 包是ZXing項目自帶的。另外對掃描界面的布局也進行了修改,官方的掃描界面是橫向的,我改成了縱向的,并加入了頂部的Tab和取消按鈕 (camera.xml),另外還需要的一些文件是colors.xml、ids.xml,這些都是原本ZXing項目中自帶的,最后就是libs下面的 jar包。
接下來看如何使用,首先是把ZXing項目中的一些文件拷貝到我們自己的項目中,然后在Mainifest文件中進行配置權限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />還有就是掃描界面Activity的配置:
<activity
android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"
android:name="com.zxing.activity.CaptureActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="@android :style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen"
android:windowSoftInputMode="stateAlwaysHidden" >
</activity>接下來是我自己項目的布局文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="@android :color/white"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_scan_barcode"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
android:text="Open camera" />
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textColor="@android :color/black"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:text="Scan result:" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_scan_result"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textColor="@android :color/black"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_qr_string"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
android:hint="Input the text"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_add_qrcode"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Generate QRcode" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_qr_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
</LinearLayout>下面是主Activity的代碼,主要功能是打開掃描框、顯示掃描結果、根據輸入的字符串生成二維碼圖片:
public class BarCodeTestActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private TextView resultTextView;
private EditText qrStrEditText;
private ImageView qrImgImageView;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
resultTextView = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.tv_scan_result);
qrStrEditText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.et_qr_string);
qrImgImageView = (ImageView) this.findViewById(R.id.iv_qr_image);
Button scanBarCodeButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_scan_barcode);
scanBarCodeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//打開掃描界面掃描條形碼或二維碼
Intent openCameraIntent = new Intent(BarCodeTestActivity.this,CaptureActivity.class);
startActivityForResult(openCameraIntent, 0);
}
});
Button generateQRCodeButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_add_qrcode);
generateQRCodeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
String contentString = qrStrEditText.getText().toString();
if (!contentString.equals("")) {
//根據字符串生成二維碼圖片并顯示在界面上,第二個參數為圖片的大小(350*350)
Bitmap qrCodeBitmap = EncodingHandler.createQRCode(contentString, 350);
qrImgImageView.setImageBitmap(qrCodeBitmap);
}else {
Toast.makeText(BarCodeTestActivity.this, "Text can not be empty", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} catch (WriterException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
//處理掃描結果(在界面上顯示)
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();
String scanResult = bundle.getString("result");
resultTextView.setText(scanResult);
}
}
}其中生成二維碼圖片的代碼在EncodingHandler.java中:
public final class EncodingHandler {
private static final int BLACK = 0xff000000;
public static Bitmap createQRCode(String str,int widthAndHeight) throws WriterException {
Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String>();
hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
BitMatrix matrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(str,
BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, widthAndHeight, widthAndHeight);
int width = matrix.getWidth();
int height = matrix.getHeight();
int[] pixels = new int[width * height];
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
if (matrix.get(x, y)) {
pixels[y * width + x] = BLACK;
}
}
}
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height,
Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
bitmap.setPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height);
return bitmap;
}
}最后是在哪里對掃描結果進行解碼,進入CaptureActivity.java找到下面這個方法便可以對自己對結果進行操作:
/**
* Handler scan result
* @param result
* @param barcode
*/
public void handleDecode(Result result, Bitmap barcode) {
inactivityTimer.onActivity();
playBeepSoundAndVibrate();
String resultString = result.getText();
//FIXME
if (resultString.equals("")) {
Toast.makeText(CaptureActivity.this, "Scan failed!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else {
// System.out.println("Result:"+resultString);
Intent resultIntent = new Intent();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("result", resultString);
resultIntent.putExtras(bundle);
this.setResult(RESULT_OK, resultIntent);
}
CaptureActivity.this.finish();
}4.Java端編碼演示
在Java端上實現條形碼(EAN-13)和二維碼(QRCode) 的編碼和解碼的示例,以供大家參考,用到了源碼中core和javase下面的相關源代碼,附件提供自己編譯之后的lib包:
zxing.jarzxing-j2se.jar
package michael.zxing;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
/**
* [url=home.php?mod=space&uid=618199]@blog[/url] http://sjsky.iteye.com
* @author Michael
*/
public class ZxingEncoderHandler {
/**
* 編碼
* @param contents
* @param width
* @param height
* @param imgPath
*/
public void encode(String contents, int width, int height, String imgPath) {
Hashtable<Object, Object> hints = new Hashtable<Object, Object>();
// 指定糾錯等級
hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.L);
// 指定編碼格式
hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "GBK");
try {
BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(contents,
BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);
MatrixToImageWriter
.writeToFile(bitMatrix, "png", new File(imgPath));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String imgPath = "d:/1.png";
String contents = "Hello Word!";
int width = 300, height = 300;
ZxingEncoderHandler handler = new ZxingEncoderHandler();
handler.encode(contents, width, height, imgPath);
}
}

解碼示例:
package michael.zxing;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
/**
* @blog http://sjsky.iteye.com
* @author Michael
*/
public class ZxingDecoderHandler {
/**
* @param imgPath
* [url=home.php?mod=space&uid=7300]@return[/url] String
*/
public String decode(String imgPath) {
BufferedImage image = null;
Result result = null;
try {
image = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
if (image == null) {
System.out.println("the decode image may be not exit.");
}
LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
Hashtable<Object, Object> hints = new Hashtable<Object, Object>();
hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
return result.getText();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String imgPath = "d:/1.png";
ZxingDecoderHandler handler = new ZxingDecoderHandler();
String decodeContent = handler.decode(imgPath);
System.out.println("解碼內容如下:");
System.out.println(decodeContent);
}
} package michael.zxing;
import java.io.File;
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
/**
* @blog http://sjsky.iteye.com
* @author Michael
*/
public class ZxingEAN13EncoderHandler {
/**
* 編碼
* @param contents
* @param width
* @param height
* @param imgPath
*/
public void encode(String contents, int width, int height, String imgPath) {
int codeWidth = 3 + // start guard
(7 * 6) + // left bars
5 + // middle guard
(7 * 6) + // right bars
3; // end guard
codeWidth = Math.max(codeWidth, width);
try {
BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(contents,
BarcodeFormat.EAN_13, codeWidth, height, null);
MatrixToImageWriter
.writeToFile(bitMatrix, "png", new File(imgPath));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String imgPath = "d:/2.png";
// 益達無糖口香糖的條形碼
String contents = "6923450657713";
int width = 105, height = 50;
ZxingEAN13EncoderHandler handler = new ZxingEAN13EncoderHandler();
handler.encode(contents, width, height, imgPath);
}
} 
package michael.zxing;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
/**
* @blog http://sjsky.iteye.com
* @author Michael
*/
public class ZxingEAN13DecoderHandler {
/**
* @param imgPath
* @return String
*/
public String decode(String imgPath) {
BufferedImage image = null;
Result result = null;
try {
image = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
if (image == null) {
System.out.println("the decode image may be not exit.");
}
LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, null);
return result.getText();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String imgPath = "d:/2.png";
ZxingEAN13DecoderHandler handler = new ZxingEAN13DecoderHandler();
String decodeContent = handler.decode(imgPath);
System.out.println("解碼內容如下:");
System.out.println(decodeContent);
}
} 來自: http://www.eoeandroid.com/thread-311113-1-1.html
