Material Design UI Widgets

jopen 9年前發布 | 13K 次閱讀 Android開發 移動開發 Material Design

Android L 開發者預覽支持庫提供兩個新的Widgets,RecyclerView和CardView。使用這兩個Widgets可以顯示復雜的Listview和卡片布局,這兩個Widgets默認使用Material design。


RecyclerView

    RecyclerView是一個更高級柔性版本的Listview,RecyclerView是一個能包含很多視圖的容器,它能完美的處理循環和滾動。在item動態變化的Listview使用RecyclerView。


RecyclerView使用很簡單,因為它提供了:

1、定位item的布局管理器

2、常見的item操作默認動畫

</blockquote>


你能夠靈活的為RecyclerView自定義布局管理器和動畫。

使用RecyclerView,必須使用指定一個adapter、定義一個布局管理器。創建adapter必須繼承自RecyclerView.Adapter。實施的細節需要看數據類型和需要的視圖。


   RecyclerView widget



    RecyclerView 提供了 LayoutManager,RecylerView 不負責子 View 的布局,我們可以自定義 LayoutManager 來實現不同的布局效果,目前只提供了LinearLayoutManager。 LinearLayoutManager 可以指定方向,默認是垂直, 可以指定水平, 這樣就輕松實現了水平的 ListView。


RecyclerView Demo:

1、布局文件

    <!-- A RecyclerView with some commonly used attributes -->  
    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView  
        android:id="@+id/my_recycler_view"  
        android:scrollbars="vertical"  
        android:layout_width="match_parent"  
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>  

</div> </div>
2、Activity文件

    public class MyActivity extends Activity {
private RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
private RecyclerView.Adapter mAdapter;
private RecyclerView.LayoutManager mLayoutManager;

    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.my_activity);  
        mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.my_recycler_view);  

        // improve performance if you know that changes in content  
        // do not change the size of the RecyclerView  
        mRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true);  

        // use a linear layout manager  
        mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);  
        mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLayoutManager);  

        // specify an adapter (see also next example)  
        mAdapter = new MyAdapter(myDataset);  
        mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);  
    }  
    ...  
}  
To create a simple adapter:  

public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> {  
    private String[] mDataset;  

    // Provide a reference to the type of views that you are using  
    // (custom viewholder)  
    public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {  
        public TextView mTextView;  
        public ViewHolder(TextView v) {  
            super(v);  
            mTextView = v;  
        }  
    }  

    // Provide a suitable constructor (depends on the kind of dataset)  
    public MyAdapter(String[] myDataset) {  
        mDataset = myDataset;  
    }  

    // Create new views (invoked by the layout manager)  
    @Override  
    public MyAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,  
                                                   int viewType) {  
        // create a new view  
        View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext())  
                               .inflate(R.layout.my_text_view, null);  
        // set the view's size, margins, paddings and layout parameters  
        ...  
        ViewHolder vh = new ViewHolder(v);  
        return vh;  
    }  

    // Replace the contents of a view (invoked by the layout manager)  
    @Override  
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {  
        // - get element from your dataset at this position  
        // - replace the contents of the view with that element  
        holder.mTextView.setText(mDataset[position]);  

    }  

    // Return the size of your dataset (invoked by the layout manager)  
    @Override  
    public int getItemCount() {  
        return mDataset.length;  
    }  
}  </pre><br />


3、Recycler adapter

    public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> {
private String[] mDataset;

    // Provide a reference to the type of views that you are using  
    // (custom viewholder)  
    public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {  
        public TextView mTextView;  
        public ViewHolder(TextView v) {  
            super(v);  
            mTextView = v;  
        }  
    }  

    // Provide a suitable constructor (depends on the kind of dataset)  
    public MyAdapter(String[] myDataset) {  
        mDataset = myDataset;  
    }  

    // Create new views (invoked by the layout manager)  
    @Override  
    public MyAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,  
                                                   int viewType) {  
        // create a new view  
        View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext())  
                               .inflate(R.layout.my_text_view, null);  
        // set the view's size, margins, paddings and layout parameters  
        ...  
        ViewHolder vh = new ViewHolder(v);  
        return vh;  
    }  

    // Replace the contents of a view (invoked by the layout manager)  
    @Override  
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {  
        // - get element from your dataset at this position  
        // - replace the contents of the view with that element  
        holder.mTextView.setText(mDataset[position]);  

    }  

    // Return the size of your dataset (invoked by the layout manager)  
    @Override  
    public int getItemCount() {  
        return mDataset.length;  
    }  
}  </pre><br />


RecyclerView 的標準化了 ViewHolder, 編寫 Adapter 面向的是 ViewHoder 而不在是View 了, 復用的邏輯被封裝了, 寫起來更加簡單。

CardView


CardView繼承自FrameLayout類,可以在一個卡片布局中一致性的顯示內容,卡片可以包含圓角和陰影。


可以使用android:elevation屬性,創建一個陰影的卡片。


怎樣指定CardView的屬性:

1、使用android:cardCornerRadius屬性指定圓角半徑

2、使用CardView.setRadius 設置圓角半徑。

3、使用 android:cardBackgroundColor屬性設置卡片顏色


在創建布局文件中創建CardView:

    <!-- A CardView that contains a TextView -->
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
xmlns:card_view=" android:id="@+id/card_view"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_width="200dp"
android:layout_height="200dp"
card_view:cardCornerRadius="4dp">

    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/info_text"  
        android:layout_width="match_parent"  
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />  
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>  </pre><br />


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