DES算法解析
DES算法
美國國家標準局1973年開始研究除國防部外的其它部門的計算機系統的數據加密標準,于1973年5月15日和1974年8月27日先后兩次向公眾發出了征求加密算法的公告。 1977年1月,美國政府頒布:采納IBM公司設計的方案作為非機密數據的正式數據加密標準(DES,Data Encryption Standard)。
一、DES算法
美國國家標準局1973年開始研究除國防部外的其它部門的計算機系統的數據加密標準,于1973年5月15日和1974年8月27日先后兩次向公眾發出了征求加密算法的公告。加密算法要達到的目的(通常稱為DES 密碼算法要求)主要為以下四點: ☆提供高質量的數據保護,防止數據未經授權的泄露和未被察覺的修改;
☆具有相當高的復雜性,使得破譯的開銷超過可能獲得的利益,同時又要便于理解和掌握;
☆DES密碼體制的安全性應該不依賴于算法的保密,其安全性僅以加密密鑰的保密為基礎;
☆實現經濟,運行有效,并且適用于多種完全不同的應用。
1977年1月,美國政府頒布:采納IBM公司設計的方案作為非機密數據的正式數據加密標準(DES,Data Encryption Standard)。
目前在國內,隨著三金工程尤其是金卡工程的啟動,DES算法在POS、ATM、磁卡及智能卡(IC卡)、加油站、高速公路收費站等領域被廣泛應用,以此來實現關鍵數據的保密,如信用卡持卡人的PIN的加密傳輸,IC卡與POS間的雙向認證、金融交易數據包的MAC校驗等,均用到DES算法。
DES算法的入口參數有三個:Key、Data、Mode。其中Key為8個字節共64位,是DES算法的工作密鑰;Data也為8個字節64位,是要被加密或被解密的數據;Mode為DES的工作方式,有兩種:加密或解密。
DES算法是這樣工作的:如Mode為加密,則用Key 去把數據Data進行加密, 生成Data的密碼形式(64位)作為DES的輸出結果;如Mode為解密,則用Key去把密碼形式的數據Data解密,還原為Data的明碼形式(64位)作為DES的輸出結果。在通信網絡的兩端,雙方約定一致的Key,在通信的源點用Key對核心數據進行DES加密,然后以密碼形式在公共通信網(如電話網)中傳輸到通信網絡的終點,數據到達目的地后,用同樣的Key對密碼數據進行解密,便再現了明碼形式的核心數據。這樣,便保證了核心數據(如PIN、MAC等)在公共通信網中傳輸的安全性和可靠性。
通過定期在通信網絡的源端和目的端同時改用新的Key,便能更進一步提高數據的保密性,這正是現在金融交易網絡的流行做法。
DES算法詳述
DES算法把64位的明文輸入塊變為64位的密文輸出塊,它所使用的密鑰也是64位,整個算法的主流程圖如下:
其功能是把輸入的64位數據塊按位重新組合,并把輸出分為L0、R0兩部分,每部分各長32位,其置換規則見下表:
58,50,12,34,26,18,10,2,60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4,
62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6,64,56,48,40,32,24,16,8,
57,49,41,33,25,17, 9,1,59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,
61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5,63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7,
即將輸入的第58位換到第一位,第50位換到第2位,…,依此類推,最后一位是原來的第7位。L0、R0則是換位輸出后的兩部分,L0是輸出的左32位,R0 是右32位,例:設置換前的輸入值為D1D2D3……D64,則經過初始置換后的結果為:L0=D58D50…D8;R0=D57D49…D7。
經過16次迭代運算后。得到L16、R16,將此作為輸入,進行逆置換,即得到密文輸出。逆置換正好是初始置的逆運算,例如,第1位經過初始置換后,處于第40位,而通過逆置換,又將第40位換回到第1位,其逆置換規則如下表所示:
40,8,48,16,56,24,64,32,39,7,47,15,55,23,63,31,
38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30,37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29,
36,4,44,12,52,20,60,28,35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27,
34,2,42,10,50,18,58 26,33,1,41, 9,49,17,57,25,
放大換位表
32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 10,11,
12,13,12,13,14,15,16,17,16,17,18,19,20,21,20,21,
22,23,24,25,24,25,26,27,28,29,28,29,30,31,32, 1,
單純換位表
16,7,20,21,29,12,28,17, 1,15,23,26, 5,18,31,10,
2,8,24,14,32,27, 3, 9,19,13,30, 6,22,11, 4,25,
在f(Ri,Ki)算法描述圖中,S1,S2…S8為選擇函數,其功能是把6bit數據變為4bit數據。下面給出選擇函數Si(i=1,2……的功能表:
選擇函數Si
S1:
14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7,
0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8,
4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0,
15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13,
S2:
15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10,
3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5,
0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15,
13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9,
S3:
10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8,
13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1,
13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7,
1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12,
S4:
7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15,
13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9,
10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4,
3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14,
S5:
2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9,
14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6,
4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14,
11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3,
S6:
12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11,
10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8,
9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6,
4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13,
S7:
4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1,
13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6,
1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2,
6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12,
S8:
13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7,
1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2,
7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8,
2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11,
在此以S1為例說明其功能,我們可以看到:在S1中,共有4行數據,命名為0,1、2、3行;每行有16列,命名為0、1、2、3,……,14、15列。
現設輸入為: D=D1D2D3D4D5D6
令:列=D2D3D4D5
行=D1D6
然后在S1表中查得對應的數,以4位二進制表示,此即為選擇函數S1的輸出。下面給出子密鑰Ki(48bit)的生成算法
從子密鑰Ki的生成算法描述圖中我們可以看到:初始Key值為64位,但DES算法規定,其中第8、16、……64位是奇偶校驗位,不參與DES運算。故Key 實際可用位數便只有56位。即:經過縮小選擇換位表1的變換后,Key 的位數由64 位變成了56位,此56位分為C0、D0兩部分,各28位,然后分別進行第1次循環左移,得到C1、D1,將C1(28位)、D1(28位)合并得到56位,再經過縮小選擇換位2,從而便得到了密鑰K0(48位)。依此類推,便可得到K1、K2、……、K15,不過需要注意的是,16次循環左移對應的左移位數要依據下述規則進行:
循環左移位數
1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1
以上介紹了DES算法的加密過程。DES算法的解密過程是一樣的,區別僅僅在于第一次迭代時用子密鑰K15,第二次K14、……,最后一次用K0,算法本身并沒有任何變化。
二、DES算法的應用誤區
DES算法具有極高安全性,到目前為止,除了用窮舉搜索法對DES算法進行攻擊外,還沒有發現更有效的辦法。而56位長的密鑰的窮舉空間為256,這意味著如果一臺計算機的速度是每一秒種檢測一百萬個密鑰,則它搜索完全部密鑰就需要將近2285年的時間,可見,這是難以實現的,當然,隨著科學技術的發展,當出現超高速計算機后,我們可考慮把DES密鑰的長度再增長一些,以此來達到更高的保密程度。
由上述DES算法介紹我們可以看到:DES算法中只用到64位密鑰中的其中56位,而第8、16、24、……64位8個位并未參與DES運算,這一點,向我們提出了一個應用上的要求,即DES的安全性是基于除了8,16,24,……64位外的其余56位的組合變化256才得以保證的。因此,在實際應用中,我們應避開使用第8,16,24,……64位作為有效數據位,而使用其它的56位作為有效數據位,才能保證DES算法安全可靠地發揮作用。如果不了解這一點,把密鑰Key的8,16,24,….. .64位作為有效數據使用,將不能保證DES加密數據的安全性,對運用DES來達到保密作用的系統產生數據被破譯的危險,這正是DES算法在應用上的誤區,留下了被人攻擊、被人破譯的極大隱患。
源碼:
//初始置換表IP int IP_Table[64] = { 57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1, 59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3, 61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5, 63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7, 56,48,40,32,24,16,8,0, 58,50,42,34,26,18,10,2, 60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4, 62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6}; //逆初始置換表IP^-1 int IP_1_Table[64] = {39,7,47,15,55,23,63,31, 38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30, 37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29, 36,4,44,12,52,20,60,28, 35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27, 34,2,42,10,50,18,58,26, 33,1,41,9,49,17,57,25, 32,0,40,8,48,16,56,24}; //擴充置換表E int E_Table[48] = {31, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 8,9,10,11,12, 11,12,13,14,15,16, 15,16,17,18,19,20, 19,20,21,22,23,24, 23,24,25,26,27,28, 27,28,29,30,31, 0}; //置換函數P int P_Table[32] = {15,6,19,20,28,11,27,16, 0,14,22,25,4,17,30,9, 1,7,23,13,31,26,2,8, 18,12,29,5,21,10,3,24}; //S盒 int S[8][4][16] =//S1 {{{14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7}, {0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8}, {4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0}, {15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13}}, //S2 {{15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10}, {3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5}, {0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15}, {13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9}}, //S3 {{10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8}, {13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1}, {13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7}, {1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12}}, //S4 {{7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15}, {13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9}, {10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4}, {3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14}}, //S5 {{2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9}, {14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6}, {4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14}, {11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3}}, //S6 {{12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11}, {10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8}, {9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6}, {4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13}}, //S7 {{4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1}, {13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6}, {1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2}, {6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12}}, //S8 {{13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7}, {1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2}, {7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8}, {2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11}}}; //置換選擇1 int PC_1[56] = {56,48,40,32,24,16,8, 0,57,49,41,33,25,17, 9,1,58,50,42,34,26, 18,10,2,59,51,43,35, 62,54,46,38,30,22,14, 6,61,53,45,37,29,21, 13,5,60,52,44,36,28, 20,12,4,27,19,11,3}; //置換選擇2 int PC_2[48] = {13,16,10,23,0,4,2,27, 14,5,20,9,22,18,11,3, 25,7,15,6,26,19,12,1, 40,51,30,36,46,54,29,39, 50,44,32,46,43,48,38,55, 33,52,45,41,49,35,28,31}; //對左移次數的規定 int MOVE_TIMES[16] = {1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1}; //初始置換表IP int IP_Table[64] = { 57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1, 59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3, 61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5, 63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7, 56,48,40,32,24,16,8,0, 58,50,42,34,26,18,10,2, 60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4, 62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6}; //逆初始置換表IP^-1 int IP_1_Table[64] = {39,7,47,15,55,23,63,31, 38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30, 37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29, 36,4,44,12,52,20,60,28, 35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27, 34,2,42,10,50,18,58,26, 33,1,41,9,49,17,57,25, 32,0,40,8,48,16,56,24}; //擴充置換表E int E_Table[48] = {31, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 8,9,10,11,12, 11,12,13,14,15,16, 15,16,17,18,19,20, 19,20,21,22,23,24, 23,24,25,26,27,28, 27,28,29,30,31, 0}; //置換函數P int P_Table[32] = {15,6,19,20,28,11,27,16, 0,14,22,25,4,17,30,9, 1,7,23,13,31,26,2,8, 18,12,29,5,21,10,3,24}; //S盒 int S[8][4][16] =//S1 {{{14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7}, {0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8}, {4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0}, {15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13}}, //S2 {{15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10}, {3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5}, {0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15}, {13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9}}, //S3 {{10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8}, {13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1}, {13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7}, {1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12}}, //S4 {{7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15}, {13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9}, {10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4}, {3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14}}, //S5 {{2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9}, {14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6}, {4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14}, {11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3}}, //S6 {{12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11}, {10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8}, {9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6}, {4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13}}, //S7 {{4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1}, {13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6}, {1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2}, {6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12}}, //S8 {{13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7}, {1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2}, {7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8}, {2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11}}}; //置換選擇1 int PC_1[56] = {56,48,40,32,24,16,8, 0,57,49,41,33,25,17, 9,1,58,50,42,34,26, 18,10,2,59,51,43,35, 62,54,46,38,30,22,14, 6,61,53,45,37,29,21, 13,5,60,52,44,36,28, 20,12,4,27,19,11,3}; //置換選擇2 int PC_2[48] = {13,16,10,23,0,4,2,27, 14,5,20,9,22,18,11,3, 25,7,15,6,26,19,12,1, 40,51,30,36,46,54,29,39, 50,44,32,46,43,48,38,55, 33,52,45,41,49,35,28,31}; //對左移次數的規定 int MOVE_TIMES[16] = {1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1};
int ByteToBit(ElemType ch,ElemType bit[8]); int BitToByte(ElemType bit[8],ElemType *ch); int Char8ToBit64(ElemType ch[8],ElemType bit[64]); int Bit64ToChar8(ElemType bit[64],ElemType ch[8]); int DES_MakeSubKeys(ElemType key[64],ElemType subKeys[16][48]); int DES_PC1_Transform(ElemType key[64], ElemType tempbts[56]); int DES_PC2_Transform(ElemType key[56], ElemType tempbts[48]); int DES_ROL(ElemType data[56], int time); int DES_IP_Transform(ElemType data[64]); int DES_IP_1_Transform(ElemType data[64]); int DES_E_Transform(ElemType data[48]); int DES_P_Transform(ElemType data[32]); int DES_SBOX(ElemType data[48]); int DES_XOR(ElemType R[48], ElemType L[48],int count); int DES_Swap(ElemType left[32],ElemType right[32]); int DES_EncryptBlock(ElemType plainBlock[8], ElemType subKeys[16][48], ElemType cipherBlock[8]); int DES_DecryptBlock(ElemType cipherBlock[8], ElemType subKeys[16][48], ElemType plainBlock[8]); int DES_Encrypt(char *plainFile, char *keyStr,char *cipherFile); int DES_Decrypt(char *cipherFile, char *keyStr,char *plainFile); int ByteToBit(ElemType ch,ElemType bit[8]); int BitToByte(ElemType bit[8],ElemType *ch); int Char8ToBit64(ElemType ch[8],ElemType bit[64]); int Bit64ToChar8(ElemType bit[64],ElemType ch[8]); int DES_MakeSubKeys(ElemType key[64],ElemType subKeys[16][48]); int DES_PC1_Transform(ElemType key[64], ElemType tempbts[56]); int DES_PC2_Transform(ElemType key[56], ElemType tempbts[48]); int DES_ROL(ElemType data[56], int time); int DES_IP_Transform(ElemType data[64]); int DES_IP_1_Transform(ElemType data[64]); int DES_E_Transform(ElemType data[48]); int DES_P_Transform(ElemType data[32]); int DES_SBOX(ElemType data[48]); int DES_XOR(ElemType R[48], ElemType L[48],int count); int DES_Swap(ElemType left[32],ElemType right[32]); int DES_EncryptBlock(ElemType plainBlock[8], ElemType subKeys[16][48], ElemType cipherBlock[8]); int DES_DecryptBlock(ElemType cipherBlock[8], ElemType subKeys[16][48], ElemType plainBlock[8]); int DES_Encrypt(char *plainFile, char *keyStr,char *cipherFile); int DES_Decrypt(char *cipherFile, char *keyStr,char *plainFile);
//字節轉換成二進制 int ByteToBit(ElemType ch, ElemType bit[8]){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0;cnt < 8; cnt++){ *(bit+cnt) = (ch>>cnt)&1; } return 0; } //二進制轉換成字節 int BitToByte(ElemType bit[8],ElemType *ch){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0;cnt < 8; cnt++){ *ch |= *(bit + cnt)<<cnt; } return 0; } //將長度為8的字符串轉為二進制位串 int Char8ToBit64(ElemType ch[8],ElemType bit[64]){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 8; cnt++){ ByteToBit(*(ch+cnt),bit+(cnt<<3)); } return 0; } //將二進制位串轉為長度為8的字符串 int Bit64ToChar8(ElemType bit[64],ElemType ch[8]){ int cnt; memset(ch,0,8); for(cnt = 0; cnt < 8; cnt++){ BitToByte(bit+(cnt<<3),ch+cnt); } return 0; } //生成子密鑰 int DES_MakeSubKeys(ElemType key[64],ElemType subKeys[16][48]){ ElemType temp[56]; int cnt; DES_PC1_Transform(key,temp);//PC1置換 for(cnt = 0; cnt < 16; cnt++){//16輪跌代,產生16個子密鑰 DES_ROL(temp,MOVE_TIMES[cnt]);//循環左移 DES_PC2_Transform(temp,subKeys[cnt]);//PC2置換,產生子密鑰 } return 0; } //密鑰置換1 int DES_PC1_Transform(ElemType key[64], ElemType tempbts[56]){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 56; cnt++){ tempbts[cnt] = key[PC_1[cnt]]; } return 0; } //密鑰置換2 int DES_PC2_Transform(ElemType key[56], ElemType tempbts[48]){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 48; cnt++){ tempbts[cnt] = key[PC_2[cnt]]; } return 0; } //循環左移 int DES_ROL(ElemType data[56], int time){ ElemType temp[56]; //保存將要循環移動到右邊的位 memcpy(temp,data,time); memcpy(temp+time,data+28,time); //前28位移動 memcpy(data,data+time,28-time); memcpy(data+28-time,temp,time); //后28位移動 memcpy(data+28,data+28+time,28-time); memcpy(data+56-time,temp+time,time); return 0; } //IP置換 int DES_IP_Transform(ElemType data[64]){ int cnt; ElemType temp[64]; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 64; cnt++){ temp[cnt] = data[IP_Table[cnt]]; } memcpy(data,temp,64); return 0; } //IP逆置換 int DES_IP_1_Transform(ElemType data[64]){ int cnt; ElemType temp[64]; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 64; cnt++){ temp[cnt] = data[IP_1_Table[cnt]]; } memcpy(data,temp,64); return 0; } //擴展置換 int DES_E_Transform(ElemType data[48]){ int cnt; ElemType temp[48]; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 48; cnt++){ temp[cnt] = data[E_Table[cnt]]; } memcpy(data,temp,48); return 0; } //P置換 int DES_P_Transform(ElemType data[32]){ int cnt; ElemType temp[32]; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 32; cnt++){ temp[cnt] = data[P_Table[cnt]]; } memcpy(data,temp,32); return 0; } //異或 int DES_XOR(ElemType R[48], ElemType L[48] ,int count){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0; cnt < count; cnt++){ R[cnt] ^= L[cnt]; } return 0; } //S盒置換 int DES_SBOX(ElemType data[48]){ int cnt; int line,row,output; int cur1,cur2; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 8; cnt++){ cur1 = cnt*6; cur2 = cnt<<2; //計算在S盒中的行與列 line = (data[cur1]<<1) + data[cur1+5]; row = (data[cur1+1]<<3) + (data[cur1+2]<<2) + (data[cur1+3]<<1) + data[cur1+4]; output = S[cnt][line][row]; //化為2進制 data[cur2] = (output&0X08)>>3; data[cur2+1] = (output&0X04)>>2; data[cur2+2] = (output&0X02)>>1; data[cur2+3] = output&0x01; } return 0; } //交換 int DES_Swap(ElemType left[32], ElemType right[32]){ ElemType temp[32]; memcpy(temp,left,32); memcpy(left,right,32); memcpy(right,temp,32); return 0; } //加密單個分組 int DES_EncryptBlock(ElemType plainBlock[8], ElemType subKeys[16][48], ElemType cipherBlock[8]){ ElemType plainBits[64]; ElemType copyRight[48]; int cnt; Char8ToBit64(plainBlock,plainBits); //初始置換(IP置換) DES_IP_Transform(plainBits); //16輪迭代 for(cnt = 0; cnt < 16; cnt++){ memcpy(copyRight,plainBits+32,32); //將右半部分進行擴展置換,從32位擴展到48位 DES_E_Transform(copyRight); //將右半部分與子密鑰進行異或操作 DES_XOR(copyRight,subKeys[cnt],48); //異或結果進入S盒,輸出32位結果 DES_SBOX(copyRight); //P置換 DES_P_Transform(copyRight); //將明文左半部分與右半部分進行異或 DES_XOR(plainBits,copyRight,32); if(cnt != 15){ //最終完成左右部的交換 DES_Swap(plainBits,plainBits+32); } } //逆初始置換(IP^1置換) DES_IP_1_Transform(plainBits); Bit64ToChar8(plainBits,cipherBlock); return 0; } //解密單個分組 int DES_DecryptBlock(ElemType cipherBlock[8], ElemType subKeys[16][48],ElemType plainBlock[8]){ ElemType cipherBits[64]; ElemType copyRight[48]; int cnt; Char8ToBit64(cipherBlock,cipherBits); //初始置換(IP置換) DES_IP_Transform(cipherBits); //16輪迭代 for(cnt = 15; cnt >= 0; cnt--){ memcpy(copyRight,cipherBits+32,32); //將右半部分進行擴展置換,從32位擴展到48位 DES_E_Transform(copyRight); //將右半部分與子密鑰進行異或操作 DES_XOR(copyRight,subKeys[cnt],48); //異或結果進入S盒,輸出32位結果 DES_SBOX(copyRight); //P置換 DES_P_Transform(copyRight); //將明文左半部分與右半部分進行異或 DES_XOR(cipherBits,copyRight,32); if(cnt != 0){ //最終完成左右部的交換 DES_Swap(cipherBits,cipherBits+32); } } //逆初始置換(IP^1置換) DES_IP_1_Transform(cipherBits); Bit64ToChar8(cipherBits,plainBlock); return 0; } //加密文件 int DES_Encrypt(char *plainFile, char *keyStr,char *cipherFile){ FILE *plain,*cipher; int count; ElemType plainBlock[8],cipherBlock[8],keyBlock[8]; ElemType bKey[64]; ElemType subKeys[16][48]; if((plain = fopen(plainFile,"rb")) == NULL){ return PLAIN_FILE_OPEN_ERROR; } if((cipher = fopen(cipherFile,"wb")) == NULL){ return CIPHER_FILE_OPEN_ERROR; } //設置密鑰 memcpy(keyBlock,keyStr,8); //將密鑰轉換為二進制流 Char8ToBit64(keyBlock,bKey); //生成子密鑰 DES_MakeSubKeys(bKey,subKeys); while(!feof(plain)){ //每次讀8個字節,并返回成功讀取的字節數 if((count = fread(plainBlock,sizeof(char),8,plain)) == 8){ DES_EncryptBlock(plainBlock,subKeys,cipherBlock); fwrite(cipherBlock,sizeof(char),8,cipher); } } if(count){ //填充 memset(plainBlock + count,'\0',7 - count); //最后一個字符保存包括最后一個字符在內的所填充的字符數量 plainBlock[7] = 8 - count; DES_EncryptBlock(plainBlock,subKeys,cipherBlock); fwrite(cipherBlock,sizeof(char),8,cipher); } fclose(plain); fclose(cipher); return OK; } //解密文件 int DES_Decrypt(char *cipherFile, char *keyStr,char *plainFile){ FILE *plain, *cipher; int count,times = 0; long fileLen; ElemType plainBlock[8],cipherBlock[8],keyBlock[8]; ElemType bKey[64]; ElemType subKeys[16][48]; if((cipher = fopen(cipherFile,"rb")) == NULL){ return CIPHER_FILE_OPEN_ERROR; } if((plain = fopen(plainFile,"wb")) == NULL){ return PLAIN_FILE_OPEN_ERROR; } //設置密鑰 memcpy(keyBlock,keyStr,8); //將密鑰轉換為二進制流 Char8ToBit64(keyBlock,bKey); //生成子密鑰 DES_MakeSubKeys(bKey,subKeys); //取文件長度 fseek(cipher,0,SEEK_END); //將文件指針置尾 fileLen = ftell(cipher); //取文件指針當前位置 rewind(cipher); //將文件指針重指向文件頭 while(1){ //密文的字節數一定是8的整數倍 fread(cipherBlock,sizeof(char),8,cipher); DES_DecryptBlock(cipherBlock,subKeys,plainBlock); times += 8; if(times < fileLen){ fwrite(plainBlock,sizeof(char),8,plain); } else{ break; } } //判斷末尾是否被填充 if(plainBlock[7] < 8){ for(count = 8 - plainBlock[7]; count < 7; count++){ if(plainBlock[count] != '\0'){ break; } } } if(count == 7){//有填充 fwrite(plainBlock,sizeof(char),8 - plainBlock[7],plain); } else{//無填充 fwrite(plainBlock,sizeof(char),8,plain); } fclose(plain); fclose(cipher); return OK; } //字節轉換成二進制 int ByteToBit(ElemType ch, ElemType bit[8]){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0;cnt < 8; cnt++){ *(bit+cnt) = (ch>>cnt)&1; } return 0; } //二進制轉換成字節 int BitToByte(ElemType bit[8],ElemType *ch){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0;cnt < 8; cnt++){ *ch |= *(bit + cnt)<<cnt; } return 0; } //將長度為8的字符串轉為二進制位串 int Char8ToBit64(ElemType ch[8],ElemType bit[64]){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 8; cnt++){ ByteToBit(*(ch+cnt),bit+(cnt<<3)); } return 0; } //將二進制位串轉為長度為8的字符串 int Bit64ToChar8(ElemType bit[64],ElemType ch[8]){ int cnt; memset(ch,0,8); for(cnt = 0; cnt < 8; cnt++){ BitToByte(bit+(cnt<<3),ch+cnt); } return 0; } //生成子密鑰 int DES_MakeSubKeys(ElemType key[64],ElemType subKeys[16][48]){ ElemType temp[56]; int cnt; DES_PC1_Transform(key,temp);//PC1置換 for(cnt = 0; cnt < 16; cnt++){//16輪跌代,產生16個子密鑰 DES_ROL(temp,MOVE_TIMES[cnt]);//循環左移 DES_PC2_Transform(temp,subKeys[cnt]);//PC2置換,產生子密鑰 } return 0; } //密鑰置換1 int DES_PC1_Transform(ElemType key[64], ElemType tempbts[56]){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 56; cnt++){ tempbts[cnt] = key[PC_1[cnt]]; } return 0; } //密鑰置換2 int DES_PC2_Transform(ElemType key[56], ElemType tempbts[48]){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 48; cnt++){ tempbts[cnt] = key[PC_2[cnt]]; } return 0; } //循環左移 int DES_ROL(ElemType data[56], int time){ ElemType temp[56]; //保存將要循環移動到右邊的位 memcpy(temp,data,time); memcpy(temp+time,data+28,time); //前28位移動 memcpy(data,data+time,28-time); memcpy(data+28-time,temp,time); //后28位移動 memcpy(data+28,data+28+time,28-time); memcpy(data+56-time,temp+time,time); return 0; } //IP置換 int DES_IP_Transform(ElemType data[64]){ int cnt; ElemType temp[64]; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 64; cnt++){ temp[cnt] = data[IP_Table[cnt]]; } memcpy(data,temp,64); return 0; } //IP逆置換 int DES_IP_1_Transform(ElemType data[64]){ int cnt; ElemType temp[64]; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 64; cnt++){ temp[cnt] = data[IP_1_Table[cnt]]; } memcpy(data,temp,64); return 0; } //擴展置換 int DES_E_Transform(ElemType data[48]){ int cnt; ElemType temp[48]; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 48; cnt++){ temp[cnt] = data[E_Table[cnt]]; } memcpy(data,temp,48); return 0; } //P置換 int DES_P_Transform(ElemType data[32]){ int cnt; ElemType temp[32]; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 32; cnt++){ temp[cnt] = data[P_Table[cnt]]; } memcpy(data,temp,32); return 0; } //異或 int DES_XOR(ElemType R[48], ElemType L[48] ,int count){ int cnt; for(cnt = 0; cnt < count; cnt++){ R[cnt] ^= L[cnt]; } return 0; } //S盒置換 int DES_SBOX(ElemType data[48]){ int cnt; int line,row,output; int cur1,cur2; for(cnt = 0; cnt < 8; cnt++){ cur1 = cnt*6; cur2 = cnt<<2; //計算在S盒中的行與列 line = (data[cur1]<<1) + data[cur1+5]; row = (data[cur1+1]<<3) + (data[cur1+2]<<2) + (data[cur1+3]<<1) + data[cur1+4]; output = S[cnt][line][row]; //化為2進制 data[cur2] = (output&0X08)>>3; data[cur2+1] = (output&0X04)>>2; data[cur2+2] = (output&0X02)>>1; data[cur2+3] = output&0x01; } return 0; } //交換 int DES_Swap(ElemType left[32], ElemType right[32]){ ElemType temp[32]; memcpy(temp,left,32); memcpy(left,right,32); memcpy(right,temp,32); return 0; } //加密單個分組 int DES_EncryptBlock(ElemType plainBlock[8], ElemType subKeys[16][48], ElemType cipherBlock[8]){ ElemType plainBits[64]; ElemType copyRight[48]; int cnt; Char8ToBit64(plainBlock,plainBits); //初始置換(IP置換) DES_IP_Transform(plainBits); //16輪迭代 for(cnt = 0; cnt < 16; cnt++){ memcpy(copyRight,plainBits+32,32); //將右半部分進行擴展置換,從32位擴展到48位 DES_E_Transform(copyRight); //將右半部分與子密鑰進行異或操作 DES_XOR(copyRight,subKeys[cnt],48); //異或結果進入S盒,輸出32位結果 DES_SBOX(copyRight); //P置換 DES_P_Transform(copyRight); //將明文左半部分與右半部分進行異或 DES_XOR(plainBits,copyRight,32); if(cnt != 15){ //最終完成左右部的交換 DES_Swap(plainBits,plainBits+32); } } //逆初始置換(IP^1置換) DES_IP_1_Transform(plainBits); Bit64ToChar8(plainBits,cipherBlock); return 0; } //解密單個分組 int DES_DecryptBlock(ElemType cipherBlock[8], ElemType subKeys[16][48],ElemType plainBlock[8]){ ElemType cipherBits[64]; ElemType copyRight[48]; int cnt; Char8ToBit64(cipherBlock,cipherBits); //初始置換(IP置換) DES_IP_Transform(cipherBits); //16輪迭代 for(cnt = 15; cnt >= 0; cnt--){ memcpy(copyRight,cipherBits+32,32); //將右半部分進行擴展置換,從32位擴展到48位 DES_E_Transform(copyRight); //將右半部分與子密鑰進行異或操作 DES_XOR(copyRight,subKeys[cnt],48); //異或結果進入S盒,輸出32位結果 DES_SBOX(copyRight); //P置換 DES_P_Transform(copyRight); //將明文左半部分與右半部分進行異或 DES_XOR(cipherBits,copyRight,32); if(cnt != 0){ //最終完成左右部的交換 DES_Swap(cipherBits,cipherBits+32); } } //逆初始置換(IP^1置換) DES_IP_1_Transform(cipherBits); Bit64ToChar8(cipherBits,plainBlock); return 0; } //加密文件 int DES_Encrypt(char *plainFile, char *keyStr,char *cipherFile){ FILE *plain,*cipher; int count; ElemType plainBlock[8],cipherBlock[8],keyBlock[8]; ElemType bKey[64]; ElemType subKeys[16][48]; if((plain = fopen(plainFile,"rb")) == NULL){ return PLAIN_FILE_OPEN_ERROR; } if((cipher = fopen(cipherFile,"wb")) == NULL){ return CIPHER_FILE_OPEN_ERROR; } //設置密鑰 memcpy(keyBlock,keyStr,8); //將密鑰轉換為二進制流 Char8ToBit64(keyBlock,bKey); //生成子密鑰 DES_MakeSubKeys(bKey,subKeys); while(!feof(plain)){ //每次讀8個字節,并返回成功讀取的字節數 if((count = fread(plainBlock,sizeof(char),8,plain)) == 8){ DES_EncryptBlock(plainBlock,subKeys,cipherBlock); fwrite(cipherBlock,sizeof(char),8,cipher); } } if(count){ //填充 memset(plainBlock + count,'\0',7 - count); //最后一個字符保存包括最后一個字符在內的所填充的字符數量 plainBlock[7] = 8 - count; DES_EncryptBlock(plainBlock,subKeys,cipherBlock); fwrite(cipherBlock,sizeof(char),8,cipher); } fclose(plain); fclose(cipher); return OK; } //解密文件 int DES_Decrypt(char *cipherFile, char *keyStr,char *plainFile){ FILE *plain, *cipher; int count,times = 0; long fileLen; ElemType plainBlock[8],cipherBlock[8],keyBlock[8]; ElemType bKey[64]; ElemType subKeys[16][48]; if((cipher = fopen(cipherFile,"rb")) == NULL){ return CIPHER_FILE_OPEN_ERROR; } if((plain = fopen(plainFile,"wb")) == NULL){ return PLAIN_FILE_OPEN_ERROR; } //設置密鑰 memcpy(keyBlock,keyStr,8); //將密鑰轉換為二進制流 Char8ToBit64(keyBlock,bKey); //生成子密鑰 DES_MakeSubKeys(bKey,subKeys); //取文件長度 fseek(cipher,0,SEEK_END); //將文件指針置尾 fileLen = ftell(cipher); //取文件指針當前位置 rewind(cipher); //將文件指針重指向文件頭 while(1){ //密文的字節數一定是8的整數倍 fread(cipherBlock,sizeof(char),8,cipher); DES_DecryptBlock(cipherBlock,subKeys,plainBlock); times += 8; if(times < fileLen){ fwrite(plainBlock,sizeof(char),8,plain); } else{ break; } } //判斷末尾是否被填充 if(plainBlock[7] < 8){ for(count = 8 - plainBlock[7]; count < 7; count++){ if(plainBlock[count] != '\0'){ break; } } } if(count == 7){//有填充 fwrite(plainBlock,sizeof(char),8 - plainBlock[7],plain); } else{//無填充 fwrite(plainBlock,sizeof(char),8,plain); } fclose(plain); fclose(cipher); return OK; } 最后,寫一個簡單的main函數來檢驗它: C代碼 int main() { clock_t a,b; a = clock(); DES_Encrypt("1.txt","key.txt","2.txt"); b = clock(); printf("加密消耗%d毫秒\n",b-a); system("pause"); a = clock(); DES_Decrypt("2.txt","key.txt","3.txt"); b = clock(); printf("解密消耗%d毫秒\n",b-a); getchar(); return 0; }