Android 官方推薦 : DialogFragment 創建對話框
轉載請標明出處:http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/37815413
1、 概述
DialogFragment在android 3.0時被引入。是一種特殊的Fragment,用于在Activity的內容之上展示一個模態的對話框。典型的用于:展示警告框,輸入框,確認框等等。在DialogFragment產生之前,我們創建對話框:一般采用AlertDialog和Dialog。注:官方不推薦直接使用Dialog創建對話框。
2、 好處與用法
使用DialogFragment來管理對話框,當旋轉屏幕和按下后退鍵時可以更好的管理其聲明周期,它和Fragment有著基本一致的聲明周期。且DialogFragment也允許開發者把Dialog作為內嵌的組件進行重用,類似Fragment(可以在大屏幕和小屏幕顯示出不同的效果)。上面會通過例子展示這些好處~使用DialogFragment至少需要實現onCreateView或者onCreateDIalog方法。onCreateView即使用定義的xml布局文件展示Dialog。onCreateDialog即利用AlertDialog或者Dialog創建出Dialog。
3、 重寫onCreateView創建Dialog
a)布局文件,我們創建一個設置名稱的布局文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/id_label_your_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="32dp"
android:gravity="center_vertical"
android:text="Your name:" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/id_txt_your_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/id_label_your_name"
android:imeOptions="actionDone"
android:inputType="text" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/id_sure_edit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_below="@id/id_txt_your_name"
android:text="ok" />
</RelativeLayout> b)繼承DialogFragment,重寫onCreateView方法
package com.example.zhy_dialogfragment;
import android.app.DialogFragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
public class EditNameDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
{
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_edit_name, container);
return view;
}
} c)測試運行:
Main方法中調用:
public void showEditDialog(View view)
{
EditNameDialogFragment editNameDialog = new EditNameDialogFragment();
editNameDialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "EditNameDialog");
}效果圖:
public class EditNameDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
{
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
getDialog().requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_edit_name, container);
return view;
}
} 效果圖:
4、 重寫onCreateDialog創建Dialog
在onCreateDialog中一般可以使用AlertDialog或者Dialog創建對話框,不過既然google不推薦直接使用Dialog,我們就使用AlertDialog來創建一個登錄的對話框。a)布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ImageView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="64dp"
android:background="#FFFFBB33"
android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
android:scaleType="center"
android:src="@drawable/title" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/id_txt_username"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginBottom="4dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
android:hint="input username"
android:inputType="textEmailAddress" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/id_txt_password"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
android:fontFamily="sans-serif"
android:hint="input password"
android:inputType="textPassword" />
</LinearLayout> b)繼承DialogFragment重寫onCreateDialog方法
package com.example.zhy_dialogfragment;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.DialogFragment;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class LoginDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
{
@Override
public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
// Get the layout inflater
LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater();
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_login_dialog, null);
// Inflate and set the layout for the dialog
// Pass null as the parent view because its going in the dialog layout
builder.setView(view)
// Add action buttons
.setPositiveButton("Sign in",
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
{
}
}).setNegativeButton("Cancel", null);
return builder.create();
}
} c)調用
public void showLoginDialog(View view)
{
LoginDialogFragment dialog = new LoginDialogFragment();
dialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "loginDialog");
} 效果圖:

可以看到通過重寫onCreateDialog同樣可以實現創建對話框,效果還是很nice的。
5、傳遞數據給Activity
從dialog傳遞數據給Activity,可以使用“fragment interface pattern”的方式,下面通過一個改造上面的登錄框來展示這種模式。
改動比較小,直接貼代碼了:
package com.example.zhy_dialogfragment;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.DialogFragment;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class LoginDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
{
private EditText mUsername;
private EditText mPassword;
public interface LoginInputListener
{
void onLoginInputComplete(String username, String password);
}
@Override
public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
// Get the layout inflater
LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater();
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_login_dialog, null);
mUsername = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.id_txt_username);
mPassword = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.id_txt_password);
// Inflate and set the layout for the dialog
// Pass null as the parent view because its going in the dialog layout
builder.setView(view)
// Add action buttons
.setPositiveButton("Sign in",
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
{
LoginInputListener listener = (LoginInputListener) getActivity();
listener.onLoginInputComplete(mUsername
.getText().toString(), mPassword
.getText().toString());
}
}).setNegativeButton("Cancel", null);
return builder.create();
}
} 拿到username和password的引用,在點擊登錄的時候,把activity強轉為我們自定義的接口:LoginInputListener,然后將用戶輸入的數據返回。
MainActivity中需要實現我們的接口LoginInputListener,實現我們的方法,就可以實現當用戶點擊登陸時,獲得我們的帳號密碼了:
c) MainActivity
package com.example.zhy_dialogfragment;
import com.example.zhy_dialogfragment.LoginDialogFragment.LoginInputListener;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements LoginInputListener
{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
public void showLoginDialog(View view)
{
LoginDialogFragment dialog = new LoginDialogFragment();
dialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "loginDialog");
}
@Override
public void onLoginInputComplete(String username, String password)
{
Toast.makeText(this, "帳號:" + username + ", 密碼 :" + password,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} 效果:

6、DialogFragment做屏幕適配
我們希望,一個對話框在大屏幕上以對話框的形式展示,而小屏幕上則直接嵌入當前的Actvity中。這種效果的對話框,只能通過重寫onCreateView實現。下面我們利用上面的EditNameDialogFragment來顯示。
EditNameDialogFragment我們已經編寫好了,直接在MainActivity中寫調用
public void showDialogInDifferentScreen(View view)
{
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
EditNameDialogFragment newFragment = new EditNameDialogFragment();
boolean mIsLargeLayout = getResources().getBoolean(R.bool.large_layout) ;
Log.e("TAG", mIsLargeLayout+"");
if (mIsLargeLayout )
{
// The device is using a large layout, so show the fragment as a
// dialog
newFragment.show(fragmentManager, "dialog");
} else
{
// The device is smaller, so show the fragment fullscreen
FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager
.beginTransaction();
// For a little polish, specify a transition animation
transaction
.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN);
// To make it fullscreen, use the 'content' root view as the
// container
// for the fragment, which is always the root view for the activity
transaction.replace(R.id.id_ly, newFragment)
.commit();
}
} 可以看到,我們通過讀取R.bool.large_layout,然后根據得到的布爾值,如果是大屏幕則直接以對話框顯示,如果是小屏幕則嵌入我們的Activity布局中
這個R.bool.large_layout是我們定義的資源文件:
在默認的values下新建一個bools.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<bool name="large_layout">false</bool>
</resources> 然后在res下新建一個values-large,在values-large下再新建一個bools.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<bool name="large_layout">true</bool>
</resources> 最后測試:

左邊為模擬器,右邊為我的手機~~~~~
7、屏幕旋轉
當用戶輸入帳號密碼時,忽然旋轉了一下屏幕,帳號密碼不見了~~~是不是會抓狂
傳統的new AlertDialog在屏幕旋轉時,第一不會保存用戶輸入的值,第二還會報異常,因為Activity銷毀前不允許對話框未關閉。而通過DialogFragment實現的對話框則可以完全不必考慮旋轉的問題。
我們直接把上面登錄使用AlertDialog創建的登錄框,拷貝到MainActivity中直接調用:
public void showLoginDialogWithoutFragment(View view)
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
// Get the layout inflater
LayoutInflater inflater = this.getLayoutInflater();
// Inflate and set the layout for the dialog
// Pass null as the parent view because its going in the dialog layout
builder.setView(inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_login_dialog, null))
// Add action buttons
.setPositiveButton("Sign in",
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
{
// sign in the user ...
}
}).setNegativeButton("Cancel", null).show();
} 下面我分別點擊兩種方式創建的登錄框,看效果圖:

可以看到,傳統的Dialog旋轉屏幕時就消失了,且后臺log會報異常~~~使用DialogFragment則不受影響。
好了,關于DialogFragment的介紹結束~~~~
有任何疑問請留言
參考文檔:
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/dialogs.html#DialogFragment
https://github.com/thecodepath/android_guides/wiki/Using-DialogFragment
來自: http://blog.csdn.net//lmj623565791/article/details/37815413