使用 Python 生成二維條形碼 QR Codes

SerenaClary 8年前發布 | 36K 次閱讀 Python 條形碼/二維碼開發包

前幾天，我估摸著做一個能生成QR Code小程序，并能用wxPython在屏幕上顯示出來。當然，我想用純Python實現，觀望了一會后，我找到了三個候選：

我嘗試了python-qrcode以及pyqrnative，因為它們能夠運行在Windows/Mac/Linux。也不需要依賴額外的其他庫除了Python圖像庫。pyqrcode項目需要其他一些先決條件，并且不能在Windows上運行，所以我不想與之糾纏了。我最后使用了一些以前寫過的一個Photo Viewer程序的代碼，然后稍微地修改了一下，就成了QRCode的查看器了。

開始

正如我上面提到的，你只需要Python圖像庫，GUI部分我們將使用wxPython。python-qrcode相比pyqrnative生成圖片更快，并包含了你見過的大多數QR碼類型。

生成 QR Codes

當你準備好所有需要的以后，你可以運行以下代碼，看看Python做了些啥：

import os import wx

try: import qrcode except ImportError: qrcode = None

try: import PyQRNative except ImportError: PyQRNative = None

class QRPanel(wx.Panel): """"""

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self, parent):
    """Constructor"""
    wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent)
    self.photo_max_size = 240
    sp = wx.StandardPaths.Get()
    self.defaultLocation = sp.GetDocumentsDir()

    img = wx.EmptyImage(240,240)
    self.imageCtrl = wx.StaticBitmap(self, wx.ID_ANY,
                                     wx.BitmapFromImage(img))

    qrDataLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label="Text to turn into QR Code:")
    self.qrDataTxt = wx.TextCtrl(self, value="http://www.mousevspython.com", size=(200,-1))
    instructions = "Name QR image file"
    instructLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label=instructions)
    self.qrPhotoTxt = wx.TextCtrl(self, size=(200,-1))
    browseBtn = wx.Button(self, label='Change Save Location')
    browseBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onBrowse)
    defLbl = "Default save location: " + self.defaultLocation
    self.defaultLocationLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label=defLbl)

    qrcodeBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Create QR with qrcode")
    qrcodeBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onUseQrcode)
    pyQRNativeBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Create QR with PyQRNative")
    pyQRNativeBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onUsePyQR)

    # Create sizer
    self.mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    qrDataSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
    locationSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
    qrBtnSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)

    qrDataSizer.Add(qrDataLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
    qrDataSizer.Add(self.qrDataTxt, 1, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5)
    self.mainSizer.Add(wx.StaticLine(self, wx.ID_ANY),
                       0, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5)
    self.mainSizer.Add(qrDataSizer, 0, wx.EXPAND)
    self.mainSizer.Add(self.imageCtrl, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
    locationSizer.Add(instructLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
    locationSizer.Add(self.qrPhotoTxt, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
    locationSizer.Add(browseBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
    self.mainSizer.Add(locationSizer, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
    self.mainSizer.Add(self.defaultLocationLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5)

    qrBtnSizer.Add(qrcodeBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
    qrBtnSizer.Add(pyQRNativeBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
    self.mainSizer.Add(qrBtnSizer, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 10)

    self.SetSizer(self.mainSizer)
    self.Layout()

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def onBrowse(self, event):
    """"""
    dlg = wx.DirDialog(self, "Choose a directory:",
                       style=wx.DD_DEFAULT_STYLE)
    if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
        path = dlg.GetPath()
        self.defaultLocation = path
        self.defaultLocationLbl.SetLabel("Save location: %s" % path)
    dlg.Destroy()

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def onUseQrcode(self, event):
    """

https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode

"""
    qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=4)
    qr.add_data(self.qrDataTxt.GetValue())
    qr.make(fit=True)
    x = qr.make_image()

    qr_file = os.path.join(self.defaultLocation, self.qrPhotoTxt.GetValue() + ".jpg")
    img_file = open(qr_file, 'wb')
    x.save(img_file, 'JPEG')
    img_file.close()
    self.showQRCode(qr_file)

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def onUsePyQR(self, event):
    """

http://code.google.com/p/pyqrnative/

"""
    qr = PyQRNative.QRCode(20, PyQRNative.QRErrorCorrectLevel.L)
    qr.addData(self.qrDataTxt.GetValue())
    qr.make()
    im = qr.makeImage()

    qr_file = os.path.join(self.defaultLocation, self.qrPhotoTxt.GetValue() + ".jpg")
    img_file = open(qr_file, 'wb')
    im.save(img_file, 'JPEG')
    img_file.close()
    self.showQRCode(qr_file)

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def showQRCode(self, filepath):
    """"""
    img = wx.Image(filepath, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY)
    # scale the image, preserving the aspect ratio
    W = img.GetWidth()
    H = img.GetHeight()
    if W > H:
        NewW = self.photo_max_size
        NewH = self.photo_max_size * H / W
    else:
        NewH = self.photo_max_size
        NewW = self.photo_max_size * W / H
    img = img.Scale(NewW,NewH)

    self.imageCtrl.SetBitmap(wx.BitmapFromImage(img))
    self.Refresh()

class QRFrame(wx.Frame): """"""

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self):
    """Constructor"""
    wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title="QR Code Viewer", size=(550,500))
    panel = QRPanel(self)

if name == " main ": app = wx.App(False) frame = QRFrame() frame.Show() app.MainLoop() 

importos
importwx
 
try:
    importqrcode
exceptImportError:
    qrcode = None
 
try:
    importPyQRNative
exceptImportError:
    PyQRNative = None
 
########################################################################
class QRPanel(wx.Panel):
    """"""
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def__init__(self, parent):
        """Constructor"""
        wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent)
        self.photo_max_size = 240
        sp = wx.StandardPaths.Get()
        self.defaultLocation = sp.GetDocumentsDir()
 
        img = wx.EmptyImage(240,240)
        self.imageCtrl = wx.StaticBitmap(self, wx.ID_ANY,
                                        wx.BitmapFromImage(img))
 
        qrDataLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label="Text to turn into QR Code:")
        self.qrDataTxt = wx.TextCtrl(self, value="http://www.mousevspython.com", size=(200,-1))
        instructions = "Name QR image file"
        instructLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label=instructions)
        self.qrPhotoTxt = wx.TextCtrl(self, size=(200,-1))
        browseBtn = wx.Button(self, label='Change Save Location')
        browseBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onBrowse)
        defLbl = "Default save location: " + self.defaultLocation
        self.defaultLocationLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label=defLbl)
 
        qrcodeBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Create QR with qrcode")
        qrcodeBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onUseQrcode)
        pyQRNativeBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Create QR with PyQRNative")
        pyQRNativeBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onUsePyQR)
 
        # Create sizer
        self.mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        qrDataSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        locationSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        qrBtnSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
 
        qrDataSizer.Add(qrDataLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        qrDataSizer.Add(self.qrDataTxt, 1, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5)
        self.mainSizer.Add(wx.StaticLine(self, wx.ID_ANY),
                          0, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5)
        self.mainSizer.Add(qrDataSizer, 0, wx.EXPAND)
        self.mainSizer.Add(self.imageCtrl, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        locationSizer.Add(instructLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        locationSizer.Add(self.qrPhotoTxt, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        locationSizer.Add(browseBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        self.mainSizer.Add(locationSizer, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        self.mainSizer.Add(self.defaultLocationLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
 
        qrBtnSizer.Add(qrcodeBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        qrBtnSizer.Add(pyQRNativeBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        self.mainSizer.Add(qrBtnSizer, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 10)
 
        self.SetSizer(self.mainSizer)
        self.Layout()
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    defonBrowse(self, event):
        """"""
        dlg = wx.DirDialog(self, "Choose a directory:",
                          style=wx.DD_DEFAULT_STYLE)
        if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            path = dlg.GetPath()
            self.defaultLocation = path
            self.defaultLocationLbl.SetLabel("Save location: %s" % path)
        dlg.Destroy()
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    defonUseQrcode(self, event):
        """
 
https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode
 
        """
        qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=4)
        qr.add_data(self.qrDataTxt.GetValue())
        qr.make(fit=True)
        x = qr.make_image()
 
        qr_file = os.path.join(self.defaultLocation, self.qrPhotoTxt.GetValue() + ".jpg")
        img_file = open(qr_file, 'wb')
        x.save(img_file, 'JPEG')
        img_file.close()
        self.showQRCode(qr_file)
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    defonUsePyQR(self, event):
        """
 
http://code.google.com/p/pyqrnative/
 
        """
        qr = PyQRNative.QRCode(20, PyQRNative.QRErrorCorrectLevel.L)
        qr.addData(self.qrDataTxt.GetValue())
        qr.make()
        im = qr.makeImage()
 
        qr_file = os.path.join(self.defaultLocation, self.qrPhotoTxt.GetValue() + ".jpg")
        img_file = open(qr_file, 'wb')
        im.save(img_file, 'JPEG')
        img_file.close()
        self.showQRCode(qr_file)
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    defshowQRCode(self, filepath):
        """"""
        img = wx.Image(filepath, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY)
        # scale the image, preserving the aspect ratio
        W = img.GetWidth()
        H = img.GetHeight()
        if W > H:
            NewW = self.photo_max_size
            NewH = self.photo_max_size * H / W
        else:
            NewH = self.photo_max_size
            NewW = self.photo_max_size * W / H
        img = img.Scale(NewW,NewH)
 
        self.imageCtrl.SetBitmap(wx.BitmapFromImage(img))
        self.Refresh()
 
########################################################################
class QRFrame(wx.Frame):
    """"""
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def__init__(self):
        """Constructor"""
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title="QR Code Viewer", size=(550,500))
        panel = QRPanel(self)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = wx.App(False)
    frame = QRFrame()
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

python-qrcode生成效果圖：

PyQRNative生成效果圖：

譯者注：Java QrCode 生成可選用d-project, 點擊查看實例

來自： http://python.jobbole.com/84192/

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