Chart.js 中文文檔

lwzheng 8年前發布 | 62K 次閱讀 char.js 圖表/報表制作

此文檔包含了用Chart.js創建漂亮圖表的所有知識。

起步

引入Chart.js文件

首先我們需要在頁面中引入Chart.js文件。此工具庫在全局命名空間中定義了Chart變量。

<script src="Chart.js"></script>

創建圖表

為了創建圖表，我們要實例化一個Chart對象。為了完成前面的步驟，首先需要需要傳入一個繪制圖表的2d context。以下是案例。

<canvas id="myChart" width="400" height="400"></canvas>
//Get the context of the canvas element we want to select
var ctx = document.getElementById("myChart").getContext("2d");
var myNewChart = new Chart(ctx).PolarArea(data);

我們還可以用jQuery獲取canvas的context。首先從jQuery集合中獲取我們需要的DOM節點，然后在這個DOM節點上調用 getContext("2d") 方法。

//Get context with jQuery - using jQuery's .get() method.
var ctx = $("#myChart").get(0).getContext("2d");
//This will get the first returned node in the jQuery collection.
var myNewChart = new Chart(ctx);

當我們完成了在指定的canvas上實例化Chart對象之后，Chart.js會自動針對retina屏幕做縮放。

Chart對象設置完成后，我們就可以繼續創建Chart.js中提供的具體類型的圖表了。下面這個案例中，我們將展示如何繪制一幅極地區域圖（Polar area chart）。

new Chart(ctx).PolarArea(data,options);

We call a method of the name of the chart we want to create. We pass in the data for that chart type, and the options for that chart as parameters. Chart.js will merge the options you pass in with the default options for that chart type.

曲線圖（Line chart）

簡介

曲線圖就是將數據標于曲線上的一種圖表。

一般用于展示趨勢數據，和比較兩組數據集。

使用案例

new Chart(ctx).Line(data,options);

數據結構

var data = {
    labels : ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July"],
    datasets : [
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(220,220,220,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)",
            pointColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)",
            pointStrokeColor : "#fff",
            data : [65,59,90,81,56,55,40]
        },
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
            pointColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
            pointStrokeColor : "#fff",
            data : [28,48,40,19,96,27,100]
        }
    ]
}

The line chart requires an array of labels for each of the data points. This is show on the X axis.

The data for line charts is broken up into an array of datasets. Each dataset has a colour for the fill, a colour for the line and colours for the points and strokes of the points. These colours are strings just like CSS. You can use RGBA, RGB, HEX or HSL notation.

圖表參數

Line.defaults = {



//Boolean - If we show the scale above the chart data           
scaleOverlay : false,

//Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale
scaleOverride : false,

//** Required if scaleOverride is true **
//Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale
scaleSteps : null,
//Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale
scaleStepWidth : null,
//Number - The scale starting value
scaleStartValue : null,

//String - Colour of the scale line 
scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)",

//Number - Pixel width of the scale line    
scaleLineWidth : 1,

//Boolean - Whether to show labels on the scale 
scaleShowLabels : false,

//Interpolated JS string - can access value
scaleLabel : "<%=value%>",

//String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label
scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'",

//Number - Scale label font size in pixels  
scaleFontSize : 12,

//String - Scale label font weight style    
scaleFontStyle : "normal",

//String - Scale label font colour  
scaleFontColor : "#666",    

///Boolean - Whether grid lines are shown across the chart
scaleShowGridLines : true,

//String - Colour of the grid lines
scaleGridLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.05)",

//Number - Width of the grid lines
scaleGridLineWidth : 1, 

//Boolean - Whether the line is curved between points
bezierCurve : true,

//Boolean - Whether to show a dot for each point
pointDot : true,

//Number - Radius of each point dot in pixels
pointDotRadius : 3,

//Number - Pixel width of point dot stroke
pointDotStrokeWidth : 1,

//Boolean - Whether to show a stroke for datasets
datasetStroke : true,

//Number - Pixel width of dataset stroke
datasetStrokeWidth : 2,

//Boolean - Whether to fill the dataset with a colour
datasetFill : true,

//Boolean - Whether to animate the chart
animation : true,

//Number - Number of animation steps
animationSteps : 60,

//String - Animation easing effect
animationEasing : "easeOutQuart",

//Function - Fires when the animation is complete
onAnimationComplete : null




}</code></pre> 
  
柱狀圖（Bar chart）
 
  
簡介
 
  
A bar chart is a way of showing data as bars.
 
  
It is sometimes used to show trend data, and the comparison of multiple data sets side by side.
 
  
使用案例
 
  
new Chart(ctx).Bar(data,options);
 
  
數據結構
 
  
var data = {
    labels : ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July"],
    datasets : [
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(220,220,220,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)",
            data : [65,59,90,81,56,55,40]
        },
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
            data : [28,48,40,19,96,27,100]
        }
    ]
}
 
  
The bar chart has the a very similar data structure to the line chart, and has an array of datasets, each with colours and an array of data. Again, colours are in CSS format.
 
  
We have an array of labels too for display. In the example, we are showing the same data as the previous line chart example.
 
  
圖表參數
 
  
Bar.defaults = {



//Boolean - If we show the scale above the chart data           
scaleOverlay : false,

//Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale
scaleOverride : false,

//** Required if scaleOverride is true **
//Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale
scaleSteps : null,
//Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale
scaleStepWidth : null,
//Number - The scale starting value
scaleStartValue : null,

//String - Colour of the scale line 
scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)",

//Number - Pixel width of the scale line    
scaleLineWidth : 1,

//Boolean - Whether to show labels on the scale 
scaleShowLabels : false,

//Interpolated JS string - can access value
scaleLabel : "<%=value%>",

//String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label
scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'",

//Number - Scale label font size in pixels  
scaleFontSize : 12,

//String - Scale label font weight style    
scaleFontStyle : "normal",

//String - Scale label font colour  
scaleFontColor : "#666",    

///Boolean - Whether grid lines are shown across the chart
scaleShowGridLines : true,

//String - Colour of the grid lines
scaleGridLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.05)",

//Number - Width of the grid lines
scaleGridLineWidth : 1, 

//Boolean - If there is a stroke on each bar    
barShowStroke : true,

//Number - Pixel width of the bar stroke    
barStrokeWidth : 2,

//Number - Spacing between each of the X value sets
barValueSpacing : 5,

//Number - Spacing between data sets within X values
barDatasetSpacing : 1,

//Boolean - Whether to animate the chart
animation : true,

//Number - Number of animation steps
animationSteps : 60,

//String - Animation easing effect
animationEasing : "easeOutQuart",

//Function - Fires when the animation is complete
onAnimationComplete : null




}</code></pre> 
  
雷達圖或蛛網圖（Radar chart）
 
  
簡介
 
  
A radar chart is a way of showing multiple data points and the variation between them.
 
  
They are often useful for comparing the points of two or more different data sets
 
  
使用案例
 
  
new Chart(ctx).Radar(data,options);
 
  
數據結構
 
  
var data = {
    labels : ["Eating","Drinking","Sleeping","Designing","Coding","Partying","Running"],
    datasets : [
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(220,220,220,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)",
            pointColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)",
            pointStrokeColor : "#fff",
            data : [65,59,90,81,56,55,40]
        },
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
            pointColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
            pointStrokeColor : "#fff",
            data : [28,48,40,19,96,27,100]
        }
    ]
}
 
  
For a radar chart, usually you will want to show a label on each point of the chart, so we include an array of strings that we show around each point in the chart. If you do not want this, you can either not include the array of labels, or choose to hide them in the chart options.
 
  
For the radar chart data, we have an array of datasets. Each of these is an object, with a fill colour, a stroke colour, a colour for the fill of each point, and a colour for the stroke of each point. We also have an array of data values.
 
  
圖表
 
  
Radar.defaults = {



//Boolean - If we show the scale above the chart data           
scaleOverlay : false,

//Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale
scaleOverride : false,

//** Required if scaleOverride is true **
//Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale
scaleSteps : null,
//Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale
scaleStepWidth : null,
//Number - The centre starting value
scaleStartValue : null,

//Boolean - Whether to show lines for each scale point
scaleShowLine : true,

//String - Colour of the scale line 
scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)",

//Number - Pixel width of the scale line    
scaleLineWidth : 1,

//Boolean - Whether to show labels on the scale 
scaleShowLabels : false,

//Interpolated JS string - can access value
scaleLabel : "<%=value%>",

//String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label
scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'",

//Number - Scale label font size in pixels  
scaleFontSize : 12,

//String - Scale label font weight style    
scaleFontStyle : "normal",

//String - Scale label font colour  
scaleFontColor : "#666",

//Boolean - Show a backdrop to the scale label
scaleShowLabelBackdrop : true,

//String - The colour of the label backdrop 
scaleBackdropColor : "rgba(255,255,255,0.75)",

//Number - The backdrop padding above & below the label in pixels
scaleBackdropPaddingY : 2,

//Number - The backdrop padding to the side of the label in pixels  
scaleBackdropPaddingX : 2,

//Boolean - Whether we show the angle lines out of the radar
angleShowLineOut : true,

//String - Colour of the angle line
angleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)",

//Number - Pixel width of the angle line
angleLineWidth : 1,         

//String - Point label font declaration
pointLabelFontFamily : "'Arial'",

//String - Point label font weight
pointLabelFontStyle : "normal",

//Number - Point label font size in pixels  
pointLabelFontSize : 12,

//String - Point label font colour  
pointLabelFontColor : "#666",

//Boolean - Whether to show a dot for each point
pointDot : true,

//Number - Radius of each point dot in pixels
pointDotRadius : 3,

//Number - Pixel width of point dot stroke
pointDotStrokeWidth : 1,

//Boolean - Whether to show a stroke for datasets
datasetStroke : true,

//Number - Pixel width of dataset stroke
datasetStrokeWidth : 2,

//Boolean - Whether to fill the dataset with a colour
datasetFill : true,

//Boolean - Whether to animate the chart
animation : true,

//Number - Number of animation steps
animationSteps : 60,

//String - Animation easing effect
animationEasing : "easeOutQuart",

//Function - Fires when the animation is complete
onAnimationComplete : null




}</code></pre> 
  
極地區域圖（Polar area chart）
 
  
簡介
 
  
Polar area charts are similar to pie charts, but each segment has the same angle - the radius of the segment differs depending on the value.
 
  
This type of chart is often useful when we want to show a comparison data similar to a pie chart, but also show a scale of values for context.
 
  
使用案例
 
  
new Chart(ctx).PolarArea(data,options);
 
  
數據結構
 
  
var data = [
    {
        value : 30,
        color: "#D97041"
    },
    {
        value : 90,
        color: "#C7604C"
    },
    {
        value : 24,
        color: "#21323D"
    },
    {
        value : 58,
        color: "#9D9B7F"
    },
    {
        value : 82,
        color: "#7D4F6D"
    },
    {
        value : 8,
        color: "#584A5E"
    }
]
 
  
As you can see, for the chart data you pass in an array of objects, with a value and a colour. The value attribute should be a number, while the color attribute should be a string. Similar to CSS, for this string you can use HEX notation, RGB, RGBA or HSL.
 
  
圖表
 
  
These are the default chart options. By passing in an object with any of these attributes, Chart.js will merge these objects and the graph accordingly. Explanations of each option are commented in the code below.
 
  
PolarArea.defaults = {



//Boolean - Whether we show the scale above or below the chart segments
scaleOverlay : true,

//Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale
scaleOverride : false,

//** Required if scaleOverride is true **
//Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale
scaleSteps : null,
//Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale
scaleStepWidth : null,
//Number - The centre starting value
scaleStartValue : null,

//Boolean - Show line for each value in the scale
scaleShowLine : true,

//String - The colour of the scale line
scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)",

//Number - The width of the line - in pixels
scaleLineWidth : 1,

//Boolean - whether we should show text labels
scaleShowLabels : true,

//Interpolated JS string - can access value
scaleLabel : "<%=value%>",

//String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label
scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'",

//Number - Scale label font size in pixels  
scaleFontSize : 12,

//String - Scale label font weight style    
scaleFontStyle : "normal",

//String - Scale label font colour  
scaleFontColor : "#666",

//Boolean - Show a backdrop to the scale label
scaleShowLabelBackdrop : true,

//String - The colour of the label backdrop 
scaleBackdropColor : "rgba(255,255,255,0.75)",

//Number - The backdrop padding above & below the label in pixels
scaleBackdropPaddingY : 2,

//Number - The backdrop padding to the side of the label in pixels  
scaleBackdropPaddingX : 2,

//Boolean - Stroke a line around each segment in the chart
segmentShowStroke : true,

//String - The colour of the stroke on each segement.
segmentStrokeColor : "#fff",

//Number - The width of the stroke value in pixels  
segmentStrokeWidth : 2,

//Boolean - Whether to animate the chart or not
animation : true,

//Number - Amount of animation steps
animationSteps : 100,

//String - Animation easing effect.
animationEasing : "easeOutBounce",

//Boolean - Whether to animate the rotation of the chart
animateRotate : true,

//Boolean - Whether to animate scaling the chart from the centre
animateScale : false,

//Function - This will fire when the animation of the chart is complete.
onAnimationComplete : null



}</code></pre> 
  
餅圖（Pie chart）
 
  
簡介
 
  
Pie charts are probably the most commonly used chart there are. They are divided into segments, the arc of each segment shows a the proportional value of each piece of data.
 
  
They are excellent at showing the relational proportions between data.
 
  
使用案例
 
  
new Chart(ctx).Pie(data,options);
 
  
數據結構
 
  
var data = [
    {
        value: 30,
        color:"#F38630"
    },
    {
        value : 50,
        color : "#E0E4CC"
    },
    {
        value : 100,
        color : "#69D2E7"
    }           
]
 
  
For a pie chart, you must pass in an array of objects with a value and a color property. The value attribute should be a number, Chart.js will total all of the numbers and calculate the relative proportion of each. The color attribute should be a string. Similar to CSS, for this string you can use HEX notation, RGB, RGBA or HSL.
 
  
圖表
 
  
These are the default options for the Pie chart. Pass in an object with any of these attributes to override them.
 
  
Pie.defaults = {
    //Boolean - Whether we should show a stroke on each segment
    segmentShowStroke : true,



//String - The colour of each segment stroke
segmentStrokeColor : "#fff",

//Number - The width of each segment stroke
segmentStrokeWidth : 2,

//Boolean - Whether we should animate the chart 
animation : true,

//Number - Amount of animation steps
animationSteps : 100,

//String - Animation easing effect
animationEasing : "easeOutBounce",

//Boolean - Whether we animate the rotation of the Pie
animateRotate : true,

//Boolean - Whether we animate scaling the Pie from the centre
animateScale : false,

//Function - Will fire on animation completion.
onAnimationComplete : null



}</code></pre> 
  
環形圖（Doughnut chart）
 
  
簡介
 
  
Doughnut charts are similar to pie charts, however they have the centre cut out, and are therefore shaped more like a doughnut than a pie!
 
  
They are aso excellent at showing the relational proportions between data.
 
  
使用案例
 
  
new Chart(ctx).Doughnut(data,options);
 
  
數據結構
 
  
var data = [
    {
        value: 30,
        color:"#F7464A"
    },
    {
        value : 50,
        color : "#E2EAE9"
    },
    {
        value : 100,
        color : "#D4CCC5"
    },
    {
        value : 40,
        color : "#949FB1"
    },
    {
        value : 120,
        color : "#4D5360"
    }


]</code></pre> 
  
For a doughnut chart, you must pass in an array of objects with a value and a color property. The value attribute should be a number, Chart.js will total all of the numbers and calculate the relative proportion of each. The color attribute should be a string. Similar to CSS, for this string you can use HEX notation, RGB, RGBA or HSL.
 
  
圖表
 
  
These are the default options for the doughnut chart. Pass in an object with any of these attributes to override them.
 
  
Doughnut.defaults = {
    //Boolean - Whether we should show a stroke on each segment
    segmentShowStroke : true,



//String - The colour of each segment stroke
segmentStrokeColor : "#fff",

//Number - The width of each segment stroke
segmentStrokeWidth : 2,

//The percentage of the chart that we cut out of the middle.
percentageInnerCutout : 50,

//Boolean - Whether we should animate the chart 
animation : true,

//Number - Amount of animation steps
animationSteps : 100,

//String - Animation easing effect
animationEasing : "easeOutBounce",

//Boolean - Whether we animate the rotation of the Doughnut
animateRotate : true,

//Boolean - Whether we animate scaling the Doughnut from the centre
animateScale : false,

//Function - Will fire on animation completion.
onAnimationComplete : null



}</code></pre> 
  
General issues
 
  
Chart interactivity
 
  
If you are looking to add interaction as a layer to charts, Chart.js is not the library for you. A better option would be using SVG, as this will let you attach event listeners to any of the elements in the chart, as these are all DOM nodes.
 
  
Chart.js uses the canvas element, which is a single DOM node, similar in characteristics to a static image. This does mean that it has a wider scope for compatibility, and less memory implications than SVG based charting solutions. The canvas element also allows for saving the contents as a base 64 string, allowing saving the chart as an image.
 
  
In SVG, all of the lines, data points and everything you see is a DOM node. As a result of this, complex charts with a lot of intricacies, or many charts on the page will often see dips in performance when scrolling or generating the chart, especially when there are multiple on the page. SVG also has relatively poor mobile support, with Android not supporting SVG at all before version 3.0, and iOS before 5.0. (caniuse.com/svg-html5).
 
  
瀏覽器支持
 
  
所有現代瀏覽器和大部分手機瀏覽器都支持canvas(caniuse.com/canvas)。
 
  
對于IE8及以下版本的瀏覽器，建議使用ExplorerCanvas - 見 https://code.google.com/p/explorercanvas/。對于不支持canvas的IE會自動降級為VML格式。使用方法:
 
  
<head>
    <!--[if lte IE 8]>
        <script src="excanvas.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
</head>
 
  
Usually I would recommend feature detection to choose whether or not to load a polyfill, rather than IE conditional comments, however in this case, VML is a Microsoft proprietary format, so it will only work in IE.
 
  
Some important points to note in my experience using ExplorerCanvas as a fallback.
 
  
     
   
  • Initialise charts on load rather than DOMContentReady when using the library, as sometimes a race condition will occur, and it will result in an error when trying to get the 2d context of a canvas.
    •  
   
  • New VML DOM elements are being created for each animation frame and there is no hardware acceleration. As a result animation is usually slow and jerky, with flashing text. It is a good idea to dynamically turn off animation based on canvas support. I recommend using the excellent Modernizr to do this.
    •  
   
  • When declaring fonts, the library explorercanvas requires the font name to be in single quotes inside the string. For example, instead of your scaleFontFamily property being simply "Arial", explorercanvas support, use "'Arial'" instead. Chart.js does this for default values.
    •  
  
 
  
Bugs & issues
 
  
Please report these on the Github page - at github.com/nnnick/Chart.js.
 
  
New contributions to the library are welcome.
 
  
License
 
  
Chart.js is open source and available under the MIT license.
 
  
來自：http://www.bootcss.com/p/chart.js/docs/
 
  
 
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