（實用）拿到一個新的阿里云64位centOS系統后，手把手教你安裝PHP生產環境（lnmp）

jopen 9年前發布 | 200K 次閱讀 Linux

本次使用的是centOS6.7 64位系統

第一步：處理阿里云磁盤掛載問題

查看磁盤情況，本次機器系統盤為阿里云贈送的20G，數據盤為100G

其中/dev/xvda為系統盤，/dev/xvdb為數據盤，數據盤暫未做任何操作，要使用的話，先做掛載

輸入fdisk /dev/xvdb 對數據盤進行分區。根據提示，輸入 n， p， 1，回車，回車， wq

緊接著輸入命令mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1，格式化磁盤，耐心等待即可

接下來掛載此磁盤到目錄，掛載目錄因人而異，我習慣掛載到/data0下（因為假如以后又買了第二塊數據盤，我可以掛載到/data1、/data2......等等以此類推）

輸入mkdir /data0，然后輸入mount /dev/xvdb1 /data0

然后寫入分區表：echo '/dev/xvdb1 /data0 ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab

磁盤掛載大功告成，然后輸入命令df -h查看，就能看到/dev/xvdb1已經掛在到/data0目錄下了，以后cd /data0其實就是訪問這塊數據盤，而不是系統盤了，我們可以將網站和數據庫以及日志等容易占用磁盤空間的文件放在這里

第二步：安裝MySQL

先安裝所依賴包，執行下面的命令：

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf cmake libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng \
libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel \
glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel \
curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel \
openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients \
openldap-servers gd gd2 gd-devel gd2-devel perl-CPAN

創建MySQL用戶和組：

groupadd mysql
seradd -g mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin mysql
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/data
mkdir /data0/mysql/logs
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

編譯MySQL:

tar zxvf mysql-5.6.28.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.28/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data0/mysql/data \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
make && make install
cd ..

配置MySQL開機自啟動

cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

添加MySQL的軟鏈接以適應init腳本

ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  /usr/sbin/mysql
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin  /usr/sbin/mysqladmin
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump  /usr/sbin/mysqldump

修改配置文件

cp ./support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
# 輸入以下內容（可以先清空默認內容）:
[mysqld]
datadir=/data0/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
user=mysql
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data0/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
pid-file=/data0/mysql/mysqld.pid
user=mysql
tmpdir=/tmp

初始化數據庫

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql  --basedir=/usr/local/mysql  --datadir=/data0/mysql/data

啟動MySQL

service mysqld start  # 或 /etc/init.d/mysqld start

進入MySQL（輸入mysql或者/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql直接回車即可進入）

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql #回車直接進入mysql

（下面這步操作非必須，這只是我個人習慣）輸入以下SQL語句，創建一個具有root權限的用戶（admin）和密碼（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; #這句可以創建一個允許遠程訪問的賬戶
DELETE FROM user WHERE User!='admin'; #刪除原先默認的用戶，僅保留新建的admin用戶（這招狠吧，連root用戶都刪了）

第三步：安裝Tengine（nginx）

添加www用戶和組、創建網站虛擬目錄

groupadd www
useradd -g www -s /usr/sbin/nologin www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/

安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫

tar zxvf pcre-8.33.tar.gz
cd tar zxvf pcre-8.33
./configure
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1
cd ..

安裝Nginx

tar zxvf tengine-2.1.2.tar.gz
cd tar zxvf tengine-2.1.2
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_concat_module
make && make install
cd ..

創建Nginx日志目錄

mkdir -p /data0/logs
chmod +w /data0/logs
chown -R www:www /data0/logs

創建Nginx配置文件，在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

輸入以下內容：

user www www;
worker_processes 4;
error_log /data0/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
#pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 65535;
}

http
{
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #charset  gb2312;

    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    client_max_body_size 8m;

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout 60;

    tcp_nodelay on;

    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length  1k;
    gzip_buffers     4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.0;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_vary on;

    #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/*;
}

新建sites-available目錄專門存放虛擬網站配置，創建sites-enabled目錄專門存放正在使用的網站配置

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled

新建www網站配置文件，vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available/www ，輸入以下內容：

server
{
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/www;
    access_log  /data0/logs/www_access.log  access;
    #limit_conn   crawler  20;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
        #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
        fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
        expires      30d;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
        expires      1h;
    }
}

vi fcgi.conf，并輸入下面內容:

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

發布sites-available里的www網站：

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available/www /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/www

啟動nginx：

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

第四步：安裝PHP

安裝PHP所需依賴包：

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
cd ..

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

# 對共享庫做符號鏈接
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

安裝PHP：

tar zxvf php-5.5.31.tar.gz
cd tar zxvf php-5.5.31
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
--with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap \
--enable-opcache --without-pear --disable-fileinfo
#注：如果內存較大 可以去掉--disable-fileinfo
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

修改

user = nobody
group = nobody

為

user = www
group = www

# 將;pid = run/php-fpm.pid前的;去掉并修改為
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid

啟動php-fpm

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

將Nginx與fpm加入自啟動

vi /etc/rc.local
# 輸入
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

編譯PHP擴展模塊memcache、redis 、pdo_mysql、imagick

tar zxvf memcache-3.0.8.tgz
cd memcache-3.0.8
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf redis-2.2.7.tgz
cd redis-2.2.7
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/* /usr/local/include/
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-3.2.0RC1.tgz
cd imagick-3.2.0RC1
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

修改php.ini配置文件

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
#在最后一行加入以下
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20121212/"
extension=memcache.so
extension=redis.so
extension=pdo_mysql.so
extension=imagick.so

zend_extension=opcache.so  
[opcache]  
opcache.memory_consumption=128  
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8  
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000  
opcache.revalidate_freq=60  
opcache.fast_shutdown=1  
opcache.enable=1  
opcache.enable_cli=1

執行下面的命令使配置文件立即生效：

kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

此時已經大功告成，在/data0/htdocs/www目錄下建一個index.php寫入phpinfo()看看擴展是都都正常加載

其他（可選）：

優化linux內核參數

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下內容：

# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535

使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

修改php.ini時區：

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
#找到;date.timezone =
去掉前面的分號并改為date.timezone = Asia/Chongqing

常用命令：

#修改完php.ini后執行：
kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
#修改完nginx.conf后執行
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
#重啟mysql服務執行：
service mysqld (start|stop|restart)

有興趣研究的留郵箱，打包發送所有安裝所需文件：

來自： http://my.oschina.net/ruiorz/blog/604232

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